Cited by 5,467Angiogenesis and VEGF in CancerLymphatic System and DiseasesVascular Tumors and Angiosarcomas

Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis

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Carmeliet, Peter, Jain, Rakesh K.·2011·Nature

Abstract

Blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body, but also nourish diseases such as cancer. Over the past decade, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis (blood vessel growth) has increased at an explosive rate and has led to the approval of anti-angiogenic drugs for cancer and eye diseases. So far, hundreds of thousands of patients have benefited from blockers of the angiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor, but limited efficacy and resistance remain outstanding problems. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown new molecular targets and principles, which may provide avenues for improving the therapeutic benefit from anti-angiogenic strategies.

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  • Administering antiangiogenic compounds to deprive tumor tissue of oxygen and nutrients has been proven ineffective when used alone in clinical settings.

    “In clinical settings, this approach has been proven to be ineffective when used alone [23].”

    From Approaches to Improve EPR-Based Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis (2023) · cites this paper as [23]

    The section ‘Clinical anti-angiogenesis with VEGF blockers’ says VEGF receptor TKIs are effective as monotherapy in certain cancers, although they fail in others. That directly contradicts the unqualified claim that antiangiogenic treatment has been proven ineffective when used alone in clinical settings. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • High solid stress can increase drug resistance, influence tumor cell gene expression, compromise immune cells' ability to kill cancerous cells, turn macrophages to tumor-friendly cells, and thereby enhance the metastatic potential of cancer cells.

    “In addition to increasing drug resistance, a high SS could influence tumor cells' gene expression, comprise immune cells ability to kill cancerous cells or even turn macrophages to tumorfriendly cells, thereby enhancing the metastatic potential of cancer cells [180-184].”

    From Microfluidic modelling of the tumor microenvironment for anti-cancer drug development (2019) · cites this paper as [184]

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

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  • This disparity is partly attributed to VEGF-independent nonangiogenic mechanisms of vascularization, such as vessel co-option, exploited by cancer cells at early stages of metastasis formation.

    “This disparity is, in part, attributed to VEGF-independent nonangiogenic mechanisms of vascularization (such as vessel co-option) that are exploited by cancer cells at the early stages of metastasis formation6,9,55,56”
  • Several cellular and molecular mechanisms of escape from antiangiogenic therapies have been postulated and investigated, including activation of alternative angiogenic pathways, recruitment of proangiogenic myeloid cells, increased pericyte coverage of tumour blood vessels, increased tumour cell invasion and alternative modes of vessel recruitment.

    “Several cellular and molecular mechanisms of escape from antiangiogenic therapies have been postulated and investigated, including activation of alternative angiogenic pathways, recruitment of proangiogenic myeloid cells, increased pericyte cell coverage of tumour blood vessels, increased tumour cell invasion, and alternative modes of vessel recruitment7,9,80”

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Authors
Carmeliet, P., & Jain, R. K.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Carmeliet, Peter
  • Jain, Rakesh K.
Venue
Nature
Published
2011-05
Volume
473
Issue
7347
Pages
298-307
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W1992112921
Cited by
5,467
References
101
Citations by year
2026: 238 · 2025: 316 · 2024: 308 · 2023: 364 · 2022: 393 · 2021: 442 · 2020: 399 · 2019: 399 · 2018: 384 · 2017: 454 · 2016: 369 · 2015: 375 · 2014: 326 · 2013: 342 · 2012: 284
FWCI
29.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (R01CA115767, R01CA085140, P01CA080124, R01CA126642, R01CA163815)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Lymphatic System and Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Vascular Tumors and Angiosarcomas
Keywords
angiogenesis, angiogenesis inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF inhibitors, drug resistance, molecular targets, cancer, eye diseases, blood vessel development
MeSH terms
Animals, Blood Vessels, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Humans, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Vesicular Transport Proteins, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

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