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Cited by 69Wound Healing and TreatmentsTissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineElectrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications

From Grafts to Human Bioengineered Vascularized Skin Substitutes

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Oualla-Bachiri, Wasima, Fernández-González, Ana, Quiñones-Vico, María I., Arias-Santiago, Salvador·2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms21218197PMC PMC7662999
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Abstract

The skin plays an important role in the maintenance of the human’s body physiological homeostasis. It acts as a coverage that protects against infective microorganism or biomechanical impacts. Skin is also implied in thermal regulation and fluid balance. However, skin can suffer several damages that impede normal wound-healing responses and lead to chronic wounds. Since the use of autografts, allografts, and xenografts present source limitations and intense rejection associated problems, bioengineered artificial skin substitutes (BASS) have emerged as a promising solution to address these problems. Despite this, currently available skin substitutes have many drawbacks, and an ideal skin substitute has not been developed yet. The advances that have been produced on tissue engineering techniques have enabled improving and developing new arising skin substitutes. The aim of this review is to outline these advances, including commercially available skin substitutes, to finally focus on future tissue engineering perspectives leading to the creation of autologous prevascularized skin equivalents with a hypodermal-like layer to achieve an exemplary skin substitute that fulfills all the biological characteristics of native skin and contributes to wound healing.

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  • Vascularized skin substitutes mitigate infection and necrosis.

    “This highlights the importance of developing vascularized skin substitutes as they mitigate infection and necrosis.[ 41 , 58 ]”

    From Coordinated Development of Immune Cell Populations in Vascularized Skin Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2025) · cites this paper as [41]

    Section 6.1 says that inadequate vascularization may lead to infection or necrosis because oxygen and nutrients are not supplied properly. This supports the rationale for vascularized substitutes, but the source hedges the risk and does not establish that such substitutes mitigate either outcome. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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References 142 · Cited by 69

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Authors
Oualla-Bachiri, W., Fernández-González, A., Quiñones-Vico, M. I., & Arias-Santiago, S.
Affiliations
  • Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain
  • Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ES)
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-11-02
Volume
21
Issue
21
Pages
8197
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms21218197
PMC
PMC7662999
OpenAlex
W3096772491
Cited by
69
References
142
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9
FWCI
1.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RISalud Institutional Health Repository of Andalucía (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
Keywords
skin substitutes, bioengineered skin, chronic wounds, wound healing, tissue engineering, skin grafts, xenografts, allograft
MeSH terms
Adhesiveness, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Humans, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Regeneration, Skin, Wound Healing, Skin Transplantation, Skin, Artificial, Tissue Engineering, Subcutaneous Tissue, Allografts

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