Hypertrophic Scarring and Keloids: Pathomechanisms and Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies

Gauglitz, Gerd G.; Korting, Hans C.; Pavicic, Tatiana; Ruzicka, Thomas; Jeschke, Marc G.

doi:10.2119/molmed.2009.00153

Cited by 1,462Dermatologic Treatments and ResearchWound Healing and TreatmentsSystemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases

Hypertrophic Scarring and Keloids: Pathomechanisms and Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies

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Gauglitz, Gerd G., Korting, Hans C., Pavicic, Tatiana, Ruzicka, Thomas, Jeschke, Marc G.·2011·Molecular Medicine

DOI 10.2119/molmed.2009.00153PMC PMC3022978

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Abstract

Excessive scars form as a result of aberrations of physiologic wound healing and may arise following any insult to the deep dermis. By causing pain, pruritus and contractures, excessive scarring significantly affects the patient's quality of life, both physically and psychologically. Multiple studies on hypertrophic scar and keloid formation have been conducted for decades and have led to a plethora of therapeutic strategies to prevent or attenuate excessive scar formation. However, most therapeutic approaches remain clinically unsatisfactory, most likely owing to poor understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the processes of scarring and wound contraction. In this review we summarize the current understanding of the pathophysiology underlying keloid and hypertrophic scar formation and discuss established treatments and novel therapeutic strategies.

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Keloid scars may grow beyond the borders of the initial scar.
“Keloid scars can occur at any point post-injury, do not tend to occur in areas of high tension, and may grow beyond the borders of the initial scar [99].”
From Immunology of Wound Healing (2018) · cites this paper as [99]
Hypertrophic scars arise within 1-2 months of injury.
“Hypertrophic scars arise within 1–2 months of injury, and tend to arise in areas of high tension.”
From Immunology of Wound Healing (2018) · cites this paper as [99]
Keloid scars can occur at any point post-injury.
“Keloid scars can occur at any point post-injury, do not tend to occur in areas of high tension, and may grow beyond the borders of the initial scar [99].”
From Immunology of Wound Healing (2018) · cites this paper as [99]
Hypertrophic scars tend to arise in areas of high tension.
“Hypertrophic scars arise within 1–2 months of injury, and tend to arise in areas of high tension.”
From Immunology of Wound Healing (2018) · cites this paper as [99]
Keloid scars do not tend to occur in areas of high tension.
“Keloid scars can occur at any point post-injury, do not tend to occur in areas of high tension, and may grow beyond the borders of the initial scar [99].”
From Immunology of Wound Healing (2018) · cites this paper as [99]

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Authors: Gauglitz, G. G., Korting, H. C., Pavicic, T., Ruzicka, T., & Jeschke, M. G.
Affiliations: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (CA)
ORCID: Ruzicka, Thomas
Jeschke, Marc G.
Venue: Molecular Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2010-10-05
Volume: 17
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 113-125
ISSN: 1076-1551 (ISSN-L)
1528-3658
DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2009.00153
PMC: PMC3022978
OpenAlex: W2184184250
Cited by: 1,462
References: 145
Citations by year: 2026: 109 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 125 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 136 · 2021: 127 · 2020: 141 · 2019: 112 · 2018: 106 · 2017: 106 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 4.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
Keywords: hypertrophic scars, keloids, wound healing, wound contraction, pathogenesis, scar treatment, dermal injury, contractures, pruritus
MeSH terms: Humans, Keloid, Wound Healing, Cicatrix, Hypertrophic

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Hypertrophic Scarring and Keloids: Pathomechanisms and Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies

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