The gut microbiota affects corticosterone production in the murine small intestine
Open accessAbstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormones that are released in response to stressors and exhibit many activities, including immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. They are primarily synthesized in the adrenal gland but are also produced in peripheral tissues via regeneration of adrenal 11-oxo metabolites or by de novo synthesis from cholesterol. The present study investigated the influence of the microbiota on de novo steroidogenesis and regeneration of corticosterone in the intestine of germ-free (GF) and specific pathogen-free mice challenged with a physical stressor (anti-CD3 antibody i.p. injection). In the small intestine, acute immune stress resulted in increased mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL1β, IL6 and Tnfα and genes involved in de novo steroidogenesis (Stard3 and Cyp11a1), as well as in regeneration of active GCs from their 11-oxo metabolites (Hsd11b1). GF mice showed a generally reduced transcriptional response to immune stress, which was accompanied by decreased intestinal corticosterone production and reduced expression of the GC-sensitive marker Fkbp5. In contrast, the interaction between stress and the microbiota was not detected at the level of plasma corticosterone or the transcriptional response of adrenal steroidogenic enzymes. The results indicate a differential immune stress-induced intestinal response to proinflammatory stimuli and local corticosterone production driven by the gut microbiota.
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There is only preliminary evidence that under basal conditions the GM contributes to the regulation of intestinal glucocorticoid production.
“However, there is only preliminary evidence available demonstrating that under basal conditions the GM contributes to the regulation of intestinal glucocorticoid production (527, 528).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [527]
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- Authors
- Ergang, P., Vagnerová, K., Hermanová, P., Vodička, M., Jágr, M., Šrůtková, D., Dvořáček, V., Hudcovic, T., & Pácha, J.
- Affiliations
- Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
- Czech Agrifood Research Center (CZ)
- Crop Research Institute, CZ-161 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-04-19
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4229
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8073041
- OpenAlex
- W3153809368
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Czech Science Foundation (18-02993S, 21-10845S)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, corticosterone, glucocorticoids, immune stress, anti-CD3 antibody, germ-free mice, inflammatory cytokines, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, CYP11A1, STARD3, FKBP5, small intestine
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Corticosterone, Intestine, Small, Male, Steroids, 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Mice, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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