Cited by 211Angiogenesis and VEGF in CancerDermatology and Skin DiseasesLymphatic System and Diseases

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 121 of the 123 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Angiogenesis in Chronic Inflammatory Skin Disorders

Open access
Lee, Hyun Ji, Hong, Yong Jun, Kim, Miri·2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Abstract

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, is associated with inflammation in various pathological conditions. Well-known angiogenetic factors include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietins, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) have recently been added to an important angiogenic factor. Accumulating evidence indicates associations between angiogenesis and chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Angiogenesis is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. VEGF, angiopoietins, tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-8, and interleukin-17 are unregulated in psoriasis and induce angiogenesis. Angiogenesis may be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, and in particular, mast cells are a major source of VEGF expression. Angiogenesis is an essential process in rosacea, which is induced by LL-37 from a signal cascade by microorganisms, VEGF, and MMP-3 from mast cells. In addition, angiogenesis by increased VEGF has been reported in chronic urticaria and hidradenitis suppurativa. The finding that VEGF is expressed in inflammatory skin lesions indicates that inhibition of angiogenesis is a useful strategy for treatment of chronic, inflammatory skin disorders.

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Crossref · 10.3390/ijms222112035

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Figure 1 Angiogenesis in psoriasis: Th17 cells of psoriasis provoke angiogenesis through IL-17 production. In addition to angiogenesis promotion, expression of other angiogenic factors like VEGF and IL-8 is upregulated by IL-17. Keratinocytes, immune cells like mast cells, secrete a variety of pro-angiogenic factors and cytokines that activate and maintain the inflammatory skin condition of psoriasis.
Figure 1 Angiogenesis in psoriasis: Th17 cells of psoriasis provoke angiogenesis through IL-17 production. In addition to angiogenesis promotion, expression of other angiogenic factors like VEGF and IL-8 is upregulated by IL-17. Keratinocytes, immune cells like mast cells, secrete a variety of pro-angiogenic factors and cytokines that activate and maintain the inflammatory skin condition of psoriasis.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Angiogenesis in AD: Keratinocyte of AD produce VEGF. In addition, mast cells of AD, stimulated by IL-9 and PGE2, provoke angiogenesis through VEGF-A; such expression is also simulated by IL-17 from Th 17 cells. AD, atopic dermatitis; IL, interleukin, PGE2, prostaglandin E2; Th, T helper cell; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
Figure 2 Angiogenesis in AD: Keratinocyte of AD produce VEGF. In addition, mast cells of AD, stimulated by IL-9 and PGE2, provoke angiogenesis through VEGF-A; such expression is also simulated by IL-17 from Th 17 cells. AD, atopic dermatitis; IL, interleukin, PGE2, prostaglandin E2; Th, T helper cell; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Angiogenesis in rosacea: The products of microbes are recognized by TLR 2. Subsequently, TLR 2 activates NALP3 inflammasome, which triggers kallikrein 5. Kallikrein 5 cleaves cathelicidin into LL-37, which triggers angiogenesis and inflammation. NALP3 inflammasome also activates mast cells, which produce inflammatory and angiogenetic factors, such as VEGF. TLR2, Toll-like receptor 2; KLK5, kallikrein5; MMP, metalloproteinase; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
Figure 3 Angiogenesis in rosacea: The products of microbes are recognized by TLR 2. Subsequently, TLR 2 activates NALP3 inflammasome, which triggers kallikrein 5. Kallikrein 5 cleaves cathelicidin into LL-37, which triggers angiogenesis and inflammation. NALP3 inflammasome also activates mast cells, which produce inflammatory and angiogenetic factors, such as VEGF. TLR2, Toll-like receptor 2; KLK5, kallikrein5; MMP, metalloproteinase; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Angiogenesis in chronic urticaria: Eosinophils and mast cells produce VEGF, histamine, and other inflammatory mediators. Especially, mast cells produce VEGF via the PI3K/Akt/p38 MAPK/HIF-1α signaling pathway. VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PIP3, phosphatidyl inositol 3,4,5 tri-phosphate; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor-1.
Figure 4 Angiogenesis in chronic urticaria: Eosinophils and mast cells produce VEGF, histamine, and other inflammatory mediators. Especially, mast cells produce VEGF via the PI3K/Akt/p38 MAPK/HIF-1α signaling pathway. VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PIP3, phosphatidyl inositol 3,4,5 tri-phosphate; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor-1.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Lee, H. J., Hong, Y. J., & Kim, M.
Affiliations
The Catholic University of Korea Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital (KR)
Corresponding author
Kim, Miri
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-11-07
Volume
22
Issue
21
Pages
12035
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3212070111
Cited by
211
References
123
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 19
FWCI
3.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1D1A1B07044100 and 2019R1F1A1059460)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Lymphatic System and Diseases
Keywords
angiogenesis, chronic inflammatory skin disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, chronic urticaria, hidradenitis suppurativa, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietins, mast cells, YAP/TAZ signaling, angiogenesis inhibition, IL-17, interleukin-8, TNF-α, LL-37, MMP-3
MeSH terms
Animals, Chronic Disease, Dermatitis, Dermatitis, Atopic, Humans, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Psoriasis, Rosacea, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Angiopoietins

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