Advances in Lipid Extraction Methods—A Review
Open accessAbstract
Extraction of lipids from biological tissues is a crucial step in lipid analysis. The selection of appropriate solvent is the most critical factor in the efficient extraction of lipids. A mixture of polar (to disrupt the protein-lipid complexes) and nonpolar (to dissolve the neutral lipids) solvents are precisely selected to extract lipids efficiently. In addition, the disintegration of complex and rigid cell-wall of plants, fungi, and microalgal cells by various mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments facilitate the solvent penetration and extraction of lipids. This review discusses the chloroform/methanol-based classical lipid extraction methods and modern modifications of these methods in terms of using healthy and environmentally safe solvents and rapid single-step extraction. At the same time, some adaptations were made to recover the specific lipids. In addition, the high throughput lipid extraction methodologies used for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based plant and animal lipidomics were discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatments and extraction methods were also illustrated. Moreover, the emerging green solvents-based lipid extraction method, including supercritical CO2 extraction (SCE), is also discussed.
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Complex and hard cell walls of microalgae can be broken down by mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments, making it easier for solvents to penetrate and extract lipids.
“Furthermore, the complex and hard cell walls of microalgae can be broken down by a variety of mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments, which makes it easier for solvents to penetrate and extract the lipids [5, 35].”
From A Holistic Approach to Circular Bioeconomy Through the Sustainable Utilization of Microalgal Biomass for Biofuel and Other Value-Added Products (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Saini, R. K., Prasad, P., Shang, X., & Keum, Y.-S.
- Affiliations
- Konkuk University (KR)
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Jilin University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Keum, Young-Soo
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-12-20
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 13643
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8704327
- OpenAlex
- W4200075895
- Cited by
- 479
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 113 · 2025: 142 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 31
- FWCI
- 5.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2019R1G1A1006815)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Keywords
- lipid extraction, chloroform-methanol extraction, solvent selection, green solvents, supercritical CO2 extraction, cell wall damage, plant lipids, fungal lipids, microalgal lipids, lipidomics, sample preparation
- MeSH terms
- Lipidomics, Methanol, Animals, Cell Wall, Chloroform, Chromatography, Liquid, Lipids, Solvents, Mass Spectrometry, Green Chemistry Technology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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