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Cited by 39Bacteriophages and microbial interactionsCancer Research and TreatmentsVirus-based gene therapy research

Bacteriophages as Solid Tumor Theragnostic Agents

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Veeranarayanan, Srivani, Azam, Aa Haeruman, Kiga, Kotaro, Watanabe, Shinya, Cui, Longzhu·2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms23010402PMC PMC8745063
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Abstract

Cancer, especially the solid tumor sub-set, poses considerable challenges to modern medicine owing to the unique physiological characteristics and substantial variations in each tumor’s microenvironmental niche fingerprints. Though there are many treatment methods available to treat solid tumors, still a considerable loss of life happens, due to the limitation of treatment options and the outcomes of ineffective treatments. Cancer cells evolve with chemo- or radiation-treatment strategies and later show adaptive behavior, leading to failed treatment. These challenges demand tailored and individually apt personalized treatment methods. Bacteriophages (or phages) and phage-based theragnostic vectors are gaining attention in the field of modern cancer medicine, beyond their bactericidal ability. With the invention of the latest techniques to fine-tune phages, such as in the field of genetic engineering, synthetic assembly methods, phage display, and chemical modifications, noteworthy progress in phage vector research for safe cancer application has been realized, including use in pre-clinical studies. Herein, we discuss the distinct fingerprints of solid tumor physiology and the potential for bacteriophage vectors to exploit specific tumor features for improvised tumor theragnostic applications.

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  • Phages can translocate into tumors and interact with mammalian cells, potentially affecting tumor signaling and stress pathways.

    “Increasing evidence suggests that phages can translocate into tumors and interact with mammalian cells, potentially affecting tumor signaling and stress pathways [27,28]”

    From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [28]

    Section 8 says phage vectors can reach a tumor’s periphery, and Section 9 describes engineered phages binding to or entering mammalian cancer cells and altering cyclin or p53 expression. The copy does not establish that phages generally translocate into tumors or affect tumor stress pathways; its pathway examples concern engineered therapeutic vectors. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Achieving efficient and targeted delivery of phages to specific sites within the body, such as solid tumors or distinct microbiota compartments, remains a significant challenge.

    “Achieving efficient and targeted delivery of phages to specific sites within the body, such as solid tumors or distinct microbiota compartments, remains a significant challenge [28,141]”

    From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [28]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Veeranarayanan, S., Azam, A. H., Kiga, K., Watanabe, S., & Cui, L.
Affiliations
Jichi Medical University (JP)
Corresponding author
Cui, Longzhu
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-12-30
Volume
23
Issue
1
Pages
402
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms23010402
PMC
PMC8745063
OpenAlex
W4206161296
Cited by
39
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 4
FWCI
0.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP21fk0108134, JP21gm610002, JP20wm0325022)
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19K23807)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Cancer Research and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
Keywords
bacteriophages, phage therapy, solid tumors, theranostics, tumor microenvironment, phage engineering, phage display, precision oncology, tumor-targeted delivery
MeSH terms
Phage Therapy, Animals, Bacteriophages, Humans, Neoplasms, Cancer Vaccines, Tumor Microenvironment

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