Cited by 57Telomeres, Telomerase, and SenescenceCardiovascular Health and Disease PreventionNitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects

Vascular Ageing: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Treatment Strategies

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Ya, Jingyuan, Bayraktutan, Ulvi·2023·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Abstract

Ageing constitutes the biggest risk factor for poor health and adversely affects the integrity and function of all the cells, tissues, and organs in the human body. Vascular ageing, characterised by vascular stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, and early-stage atherosclerosis, may trigger or exacerbate the development of age-related vascular diseases, which each year contribute to more than 3.8 million deaths in Europe alone and necessitate a better understanding of the mechanisms involved. To this end, a large number of recent preclinical and clinical studies have focused on the exponential accumulation of senescent cells in the vascular system and paid particular attention to the specific roles of senescence-associated secretory phenotype, proteostasis dysfunction, age-mediated modulation of certain microRNA (miRNAs), and the contribution of other major vascular risk factors, notably diabetes, hypertension, or smoking, to vascular ageing in the elderly. The data generated paved the way for the development of various senotherapeutic interventions, ranging from the application of synthetic or natural senolytics and senomorphics to attempt to modify lifestyle, control diet, and restrict calorie intake. However, specific guidelines, considering the severity and characteristics of vascular ageing, need to be established before widespread use of these agents. This review briefly discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascular ageing and summarises the efficacy of widely studied senotherapeutics in the context of vascular ageing.

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  • Ageing markedly alters NO homeostasis, reducing the efficiency of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway via endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation.

    “Ageing markedly alters NO homeostasis, reducing the efficiency of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway via endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation (‘inflammageing’) [230].”

    From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [230]

    Section 2.3 reports that senescent endothelial cells produce less NO because of reduced eNOS activity, and Section 2.7 says ageing-related oxidative stress increases ROS that scavenge NO. The paper also links reduced NO bioavailability, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in Section 4.2. These passages support altered NO homeostasis, but they do not establish reduced efficiency of the specific nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway; the pathway discussed is eNOS/NO. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Ya, J., & Bayraktutan, U.
Affiliations
University of Nottingham (GB)
Corresponding author
Bayraktutan, Ulvi
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-07-16
Volume
24
Issue
14
Pages
11538
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4384557494
Cited by
57
References
206
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 14
FWCI
2.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Keywords
vascular aging, vascular stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, atherosclerosis, cellular senescence, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, microRNA, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, senotherapeutics, senolytics, senomorphics, caloric restriction, age-related vascular disease
MeSH terms
Aged, Aging, Humans, Hypertension, Risk Factors, Cellular Senescence, MicroRNAs

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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