Polyphenol-Rich Purple Corn Pericarp Extract Adversely Impacts Herbivore Growth and Development
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Plant secondary metabolites such as terpenes, phenolics, glycosides, and alkaloids play various functional roles including pigmentation, foliar and floral volatile synthesis, hormonal regulation, and direct and indirect defenses. Among these, phenolic compounds are commonly found in plants, but vary in the distribution of their specific compounds among plant families. Polyphenols, including anthocyanins and tannins, are widely distributed and have been well documented for their roles- primarily in plant pigmentation and also in plant defenses. However, commercialization of such compounds for use in insect pest management is severely hampered by expensive, inefficient, and time-consuming extraction protocols. Using a recently developed inexpensive and easy extraction method using the byproducts of pigmented (purple) corn processing, we examined whether the crude pericarp extract rich in polyphenols can affect the growth and development of tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta L.) caterpillars. Our findings show that purple corn pericarp extract negatively affected M. sexta egg hatching and larval mass gain and prolonged developmental time compared to regular yellow corn extract or an artificial control diet. We also found that these effects were more severe during the early stages of caterpillar development. These results conclusively demonstrate that purple corn pericarp, an inexpensive by-product of the corn milling industry, is a valuable product with excellent potential as an insect antifeedant.
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A change in nutritional and compositional aspects of larval diet results in a higher time for pupation in lepidopterans.
“A recent study in Tobacco Hornworm, Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) showed that a change in nutritional and compositional aspects of larval diet results in a higher time for pupation in lepidopterans65.”
From Atmospheric cold plasma alters plant traits and negatively affects the growth and development of fall armyworm in rice (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
The Results (§3.2.7) report that Manduca sexta larvae fed purple corn pericarp extract took significantly longer to pupate than larvae on the control or yellow corn extract diets. This supports a diet-specific delay in tobacco hornworms, but not the broader claim that changes in larval diet generally increase pupation time across lepidopterans. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredQualitative and compositional changes in larval diet affect insect growth and development.
“It is well understood that qualitative and compositional changes in larval diet affects insect growth and development63,65,101–103.”
From Atmospheric cold plasma alters plant traits and negatively affects the growth and development of fall armyworm in rice (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
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Sex and stress modulate pupal defense response in tobacco hornworm
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Role of maize kernels on the fitness of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Mousavi, S. M. H., Hemmati, S. A., & Rasekh, A. (2026) · Journal of Insect Science · doi:10.1093/jisesa/ieag104
- Authors
- Tayal, M., Somavat, P., Rodriguez, I., Thomas, T., Christoffersen, B., & Kariyat, R.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kariyat, Rupesh
- Venue
- Insects
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-02-02
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 98
- ISSN
- 2075-4450 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7074539
- OpenAlex
- W3004416384
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 4.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Insects (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ScholarWorks @ UTRGV (The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Keywords
- polyphenols, anthocyanins, tannins, insect antifeedants, Manduca sexta, egg hatching, plant secondary metabolites, insect pest management
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