Tinnitus and its relation to depression, anxiety, and stress-a population-based cohort study
Open accessAbstract
Tinnitus is a common symptom reported in otolaryngologic practice. Although the pathophysiology of tinnitus has not been fully understood, clinical studies suggest that psychological symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization are increased in tinnitus patients. However, patients seeking medical treatment for tinnitus may be especially vulnerable. Population-based studies reporting on the association between tinnitus and psychological distress are still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of tinnitus with depression, anxiety, or somatization in a large population-based cohort. The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based cohort study. Participants were asked about the occurrence of tinnitus (yes/no) and how much they were bothered by it. In addition, they completed the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and SSS-8 questionnaires to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety, and somatic symptom disorders. A total of 8539 participants were included in the study cohort. Tinnitus prevalence was 28.0% (2387). The prevalence of depression/anxiety/somatic symptom disorders was significantly higher among participants with tinnitus than among participants without tinnitus (7.9%/5.4%/40.4% participants with tinnitus vs. 4.6%/3.3%/26.9% participants without tinnitus, p-value < 0.0001). Logistic regression results showed that participants with tinnitus were more likely to suffer from depression (OR = 2.033, 95% CI [1.584; 2.601], p-value < 0.0001), anxiety (OR = 1.841, 95% CI [1.228; 2.728], p-value = 0.0027), or somatic symptom disorders (OR = 2.057, 95% CI [1.799; 2.352], p-value < 0.0001). Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptom disorders were increased in participants with tinnitus. This must be taken into account when treating these patients.
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There is a significant correlation between tinnitus and depression, as well as anxiety.
“A population-based cohort study have demonstrated a significant correlation between tinnitus and depression, as well as anxiety (Hackenberg et al., 2023).”
From Research trends and hotspots of cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus: a bibliometric analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Hackenberg et al., 2023
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Association of Tinnitus in The Patients with Cervical and Temporomandibular Dysfunction
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ТРЕВОГА И ДЕПРЕССИЯ КАК СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИЕ БИОПСИХОСОЦИАЛЬНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ТИННИТУСА
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Clinical Practice Guideline: Tinnitus Update
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- Authors
- Hackenberg, B., Döge, J., O’Brien, K., Bohnert, A., Lackner, K. J., Beutel, M. E., Michal, M., Münzel, T., Wild, P. S., Pfeiffer, N., Schulz, A., Schmidtmann, I., Matthias, C., & Bahr, K.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-02-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1169
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9917824
- OpenAlex
- W4319018294
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 7
- FWCI
- 17.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz für Innovation (AZ 961-386261/733, BMBF 01EO1503)
- Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz (AZ 961-386261/733, BMBF 01EO1503)
- Boehringer Ingelheim (AZ 961-386261/733, BMBF 01EO1503)
- PHILIPS Medical Systems (AZ 961-386261/733, BMBF 01EO1503)
- Gutenberg Health Study (AZ 961-386261/733, BMBF 01EO1503)
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (AZ 961-386261/733, BMBF 01EO1503)
- German Center for Vascular Research (DZHK Rhein Main) (AZ 961-386261/733, BMBF 01EO1503)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Noise Effects and Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- tinnitus, depression, anxiety, somatic symptom disorder, psychological distress, tinnitus prevalence, Gutenberg Health Study, PHQ-9, GAD-7
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