Updates in Pessary Care for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Narrative Review
Open accessAbstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) affects millions of women globally, significantly impacting quality of life. Pessaries serve as a first-line, non-surgical option for symptom relief, particularly among women who wish to avoid or delay surgery. Despite widespread use, challenges persist in fitting, patient education, and long-term adherence, necessitating further advancements in design and care protocols. This narrative review was conducted to explore the role of vaginal pessaries in the management of POP, focusing on efficacy, patient adherence, complications, and emerging innovations. Pessaries demonstrate high initial success rates, but long-term adherence varies. Improper fit, discomfort, and lack of self-management contribute to discontinuation. Complications, including vaginal discharge, erosion, and bleeding, are common but generally manageable. Recent innovations, such as self-removable pessaries, 3D-printed custom designs, and hormone-releasing pessaries, show promise in improving patient experience and adherence. Studies support self-management as a cost-effective strategy that enhances patient autonomy and reduces clinic visits. Pessaries remain a valuable conservative treatment for POP, yet challenges in long-term adherence highlight the need for standardized fitting protocols, better patient education, and continued innovation in design. Future advancements should focus on patient-centered, user-friendly solutions to enhance effectiveness, comfort, and self-care, ultimately empowering women with more accessible and sustainable pelvic health options.
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Use of newer 3-D printed pessaries appears to be associated with improvements in quality of life and in the pelvic floor distress inventory in small pilot studies.
“For example, use of newer 3‐D printed pessaries appears to be associated with improvements in quality of life and in the pelvic floor distress inventory in small pilot studies, warranting further exploration of use [52, 53, 54].”
From How Can We Improve the Assessment and Indifferent Outcomes From Pelvic Organ Prolapse Management From Conservative and Surgical Therapies? ICI‐RS 2025 (2026) · cites this paper as [54]
Section 8, “New Dimensions” (page not provided), describes an eight-woman, three-week pilot of customized pessaries made with 3D-printed molds. Participants reported improvement or no change in ease of use, comfort, and support, but the review does not report improvements in quality of life or Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory scores for those pessaries. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Complications in Pelvic Organ Prolapse With 3-Month Versus 6-Month Pessary Care: Pilot Study
Giorgenon, G. V., Galhardo, L. M., de Araújo, C. C., de Castro, E. B., Brito, L. G. O., & Juliato, C. R. T. (2024) · Urogynecology · doi:10.1097/spv.0000000000001610 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 91 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Padoa, A., Braga, A., Brecher, S. Y., Fligelman, T., Mesiano, G., & Serati, M. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14207313 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Patient-Specific Pessaries After Suboptimal Outcomes With Standard Pessary Use
Hong, C. X., Sham, D., Zhang, S., McDougall, C., & Ameri, G. (2026) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000006287 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kearney, R., Wagg, A., Bower, W., Chapple, C., Khullar, V., Robinson, D., Taithongchai, A., Hobson, P. T., Wein, A., & Abrams, P. (2026) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.70272 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pessary-related Content on TikTok: A Cross-Sectional Quality Assessment
Rabinovich, M., Rosenberg, H., Shmuel, A. B., Weintraub, A. Y., & Rotem, R. (2026) · Urogynecology · doi:10.1097/spv.0000000000001843
3D Printing for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Management: A Narrative Review of Emerging Applications
Wei, X., Wang, X., Yang, X., Qiao, M., Chen, Y., Hoerning, A., Liu, X., & Ren, C. (2026) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering13050488
Pessartherapie – Anpassung in der gynäkologischen Praxis
Carlin, G. L., & Umek, W. H. (2026) · Gynäkologie in der Praxis · doi:10.1007/s41974-026-00432-x
Conservative and Nonsurgical Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Hong, C. X., & LaCross, J. A. (2026) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000001061
- Authors
- Sethi, N., & Yadav, G. S.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yadav, Ghanshyam S.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2025-04-16
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2737
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12028327
- OpenAlex
- W4409507320
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Uterine Myomas and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Keywords
- pelvic organ prolapse, pessary, pessary fitting, pessary complications, self-management, patient education, non-surgical management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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