The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Smoking Upregulates Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 Receptor: A Potential Adhesion Site for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19)
Open accessAbstract
The epicenter of the original outbreak in China has high male smoking rates of around 50%, and early reported death rates have an emphasis on older males, therefore the likelihood of smokers being overrepresented in fatalities is high. In Iran, China, Italy, and South Korea, female smoking rates are much lower than males. Fewer females have contracted the virus. If this analysis is correct, then Indonesia would be expected to begin experiencing high rates of Covid-19 because its male smoking rate is over 60% (Tobacco Atlas). Smokers are vulnerable to respiratory viruses. Smoking can upregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, the known receptor for both the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the human respiratory coronavirus NL638. This could also be true for new electronic smoking devices such as electronic cigarettes and “heat-not-burn” IQOS devices. ACE2 could be a novel adhesion molecule for SARS-CoV-2 causing Covid-19 and a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of fatal microbial infections, and therefore it should be fast tracked and prioritized for research and investigation. Data on smoking status should be collected on all identified cases of Covid-19.
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Cites
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation
Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K. S., Goldsmith, J. A., Hsieh, C.-L., Abiona, O., Graham, B. S., & McLellan, J. S. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb2507 · Cited by 8,897
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus
Li, W., Moore, M. J., Vasilieva, N., Sui, J., Wong, S. K., Berne, M. A., Somasundaran, M., Sullivan, J. L., Luzuriaga, K., Greenough, T. C., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02145 · Cited by 5,923
A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus–induced lung injury
Kuba, K., Imai, Y., Rao, S., Gao, H., Guo, F., Guan, B., Huan, Y., Yang, P., Zhang, Y., Deng, W., et al. (2005) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1267 · Cited by 3,445
COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system
Zheng, Y.-Y., Ma, Y.-T., Zhang, J.-Y., & Xie, X. (2020) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-020-0360-5 · Cited by 2,970
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure
Imai, Y., Kuba, K., Rao, S., Huan, Y., Guo, F., Guan, B., Yang, P., Sarao, R., Wada, T., Leong-Poi, H., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03712 · Cited by 2,453
Single-Cell RNA Expression Profiling of ACE2, the Receptor of SARS-CoV-2
Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Ma, Y., & Zuo, W. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202001-0179le · Cited by 916
Single-cell RNA expression profiling of ACE2, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2
Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Ma, Y., & Zuo, W. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.26.919985 · Cited by 860
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Beyerstedt, S., Casaro, E. B., & Rangel, É. B. (2021) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-020-04138-6 · Cited by 897
COVID-19 pulmonary pathology: a multi-institutional autopsy cohort from Italy and New York City
Borczuk, A. C., Salvatore, S. P., Seshan, S. V., Patel, S. S., Bussel, J. B., Mostyka, M., Elsoukkary, S., He, B., Del Vecchio, C., Fortarezza, F., et al. (2020) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/s41379-020-00661-1 · Cited by 452
Clinical determinants of the severity of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Li, X., Zhong, X., Wang, Y., Zeng, X., Luo, T., & Liu, Q. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250602 · Cited by 236
Shinde, T., Hansbro, P. M., Sohal, S. S., Dingle, P., Eri, R., & Stanley, R. (2020) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms8060921 · Cited by 61
Self-citationNicholls, S. J., Nelson, M., Astley, C., Briffa, T., Brown, A., Clark, R., Colquhoun, D., Gallagher, R., Hare, D. L., Inglis, S., et al. (2020) · Heart, Lung and Circulation · doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2020.04.007 · Cited by 43
Psychiatric Aspects of Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection
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Metadata
- Authors
- Brake, S. J., Barnsley, K., Lu, W., McAlinden, K. D., Eapen, M. S., & Sohal, S. S.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-03-20
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 841
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3011260630
- Cited by
- 535
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 15.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
