The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Assessing the Impact of IL-6 and Serotonin on Pain and Symptomatology in Fibromyalgia: An Exploratory Clinical Study
Open accessAbstract
Background and Objectives: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome characterized by widespread pain and a variety of other symptoms, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and sleep disturbances. Recent research has highlighted the potential role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitters in the pathophysiology of FM. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serotonin with the clinical parameters observed in patients with fibromyalgia. Additionally, it sought to analyze the similarities and differences among the different groups classified by symptom severity. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 26 female patients aged 20–70 diagnosed with FM according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2016 criteria and 14 healthy controls (HCs). Serum levels of IL-6 and serotonin were measured using electrochemiluminescence and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Results: FM patients exhibited significantly higher pain scores (VAS), anxiety, and depression levels compared to HCs. FIQ-R scores were significantly elevated in FM patients, with stratification showing 3.8% mild, 65.4% moderate, 23.1% severe, and 7.7% very severe cases. While no significant difference in IL-6 levels was observed between the FM patients and HCs, a trend towards increased IL-6 levels in patients with higher FIQ-R scores was noted. Serum serotonin levels were significantly lower in the FM patients than in the HCs, with moderate patients having lower levels than those classified as severe and very severe. Conclusions: The study underscores the potential role of IL-6 and serotonin in the pathophysiology of FM, suggesting that these biomarkers could be relevant in assessing the severity and impact of FM. Further research is needed to elucidate these relationships and their implications for developing personalized treatment strategies.
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These genetic insights point to new therapeutic targets for pain management and addiction prevention and recovery.
“These genetic insights point to new therapeutic targets for pain management and addiction prevention and recovery.26,28–32”
From Beyond Stigma–Integrating Neurobiology, Genetics, and Awareness Integration Theory in Addiction Recovery (2026) · cites this paper as [28]
The Introduction (page unavailable) mentions genetic factors as possible contributors to fibromyalgia and discusses pain pathways, but does not identify genetic insights or therapeutic targets arising from them. A search for addiction prevention and recovery found no passage addressing that claim in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Loçasso, F., Filho, H., Alvarenga, R., Schimidt, S., Fiorelli, F., Ramos, P., Leidersnaider, S., Blum, K., Lewandrowski, K.-U., Cunha-Junior, E., & Fiorelli, R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Três Rios (SUPREMA), Rio de Janeiro 25804-250, Brazil
- Western University of Health Sciences (US)
- Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, The Surgical Institute of Tucson, 4787 E Camp Lowell Dr., Tucson, AZ 85712, USA
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro Multidisciplinar UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 27930-560, Brazil
- Corresponding author
- Loçasso, Felipe
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Personalized Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-08-22
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 886
- ISSN
- 2075-4426 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11355107
- OpenAlex
- W4401870281
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Personalized Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- fibromyalgia, interleukin-6, serotonin, chronic widespread pain, symptom severity, anxiety, depression, inflammatory cytokines, biomarkers, female patients
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