Dendrimers as Pharmaceutical Excipients: Synthesis, Properties, Toxicity and Biomedical Applications
Open accessAbstract
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) in the United States of America, define excipient as the constituents of the pharmaceutical form other than the active ingredient, i.e., any component that is intended to furnish pharmacological activity. Although dendrimers do not have a pharmacopoeia monograph and, therefore, cannot be recognized as a pharmaceutical excipient, these nanostructures have received enormous attention from researchers. Due to their unique properties, like the nanoscale uniform size, a high degree of branching, polyvalency, aqueous solubility, internal cavities, and biocompatibility, dendrimers are ideal as active excipients, enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. The fact that the dendrimer’s properties are controllable during their synthesis render them promising agents for drug-delivery applications in several pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, dendrimers can be used for reducing the drug toxicity and for the enhancement of the drug efficacy. This review aims to discuss the properties that turn dendrimers into pharmaceutical excipients and their potential applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
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Because of their special properties such as nanoscale uniform size, high branching, water-solubility, internal cavities, polyvalency, and biocompatibility, dendrimers are ideal active excipients and can improve the solubility of insoluble drugs, reduce drug toxicity and increase drug potency.
“Because of their special properties, such as nanoscale uniform size, high branching, water-solubility, internal cavities, polyvalency, and biocompatibility, dendrimers are ideal active excipients and can improve the solubility of insoluble drugs, reduce drug toxicity and increase drug potency.28”
From Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
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- [56]Mathur V. Satrawala Y. Rajput M.S. Dendrimers: A Review Inventi Impact NDDS 2015 1
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Santos, A., Veiga, F., & Figueiras, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Coimbra (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Figueiras, Ana
- Venue
- Materials
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-12-21
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 65
- ISSN
- 1996-1944 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6981751
- OpenAlex
- W2996021589
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 24 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UID/QUI/50006/2013, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030255)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- dendrimers, pharmaceutical excipients, drug solubility enhancement, poorly water-soluble drugs, drug delivery, dendrimer synthesis, dendrimer toxicity, biocompatibility, drug toxicity reduction, drug efficacy enhancement, biomedical applications
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