Biochars from Post-Production Biomass and Waste from Wood Management: Analysis of Carbonization Products
Open accessAbstract
Waste biomass can be used as an alternative source of energy. However, such use requires prior treatment of the material. This paper describes the physicochemical characteristics of biochar obtained by the thermochemical decomposition of six types of agricultural waste biomass: residues from the production of flavored spirits (a pulp of lime, grapefruit and lemon), beetroot pulp, apple pomace, brewer’s spent grain, bark and municipal solid waste (bark, sawdust, off-cuts and wood chips). The biomass conversion process was studied under conditions of limited oxygen access in a reactor. The temperature was raised from 450 to 850 °C over 30 min, followed by a residence time of 60 min. The solid products were characterized in terms of their elemental compositions, mass, energy yield and ash content. The gaseous products from pyrolysis of the biomass were also analyzed and their compositions were characterized by GCMS (Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry). The carbonization process increased the carbon content by, on average, 1.7 times, from an average percentage of 46.09% ± 3.65% for biomass to an average percentage of 74.72% ± 5.36% for biochars. After carbonization, the biochars were found to have a net calorific value of between 27 and 32 MJ/kg, which is comparable or even higher than good-quality coal (eco pea coal 24–26 MJ/kg). The net calorific values show that the volatile products can also be considered as a valuable source of energy.
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Overall, 800 °C carbonization achieves a stable, carbon-rich biochar with a quality porous structure, which is then further enhanced by activation at 900 °C.
“Overall, 800 °C carbonization achieves a stable, carbon-rich biochar with a quality porous structure, which is then further enhanced by activation at 900 °C49.”
From Metals incorporated agricultural waste corn Cob-based biochar used as an adsorbent for CO2 capturing (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
Section 3.2 reports that carbonization increased the biochars’ carbon content, supporting the carbon-rich part of the claim. Section 2.5 specifies carbonization at 850 °C, not 800 °C, and the cited passages do not establish stability, a quality porous structure, or further enhancement by activation at 900 °C. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Kosakowski, W., Bryszewska, M. A., & Dziugan, P.
- Affiliations
- Polmos Żyrardów Sp. z o.o., ul. Mickiewicza 1-3, 96-300 Żyrardów, Poland
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Lodz University of Technology (PL)
- Venue
- Materials
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-11-04
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 4971
- ISSN
- 1996-1944 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7663828
- OpenAlex
- W3097391368
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 1.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- The Smart Growth Operational Programme (POIR.01.01.01-00-0374/4/17)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Energy and Environment Impacts
- Keywords
- biochar, biomass pyrolysis, agricultural waste, carbonization, calorific value, volatile products, carbon content, ash content, elemental composition, bioenergy, apple pomace, brewer's spent grain, bark, sawdust, municipal solid waste
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