Biochar in sustainable agriculture and Climate Mitigation: Mechanisms, challenges, and applications in the circular bioeconomy
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ABB significantly improves soil properties by enhancing nutrient retention, cation exchange capacity, and water-holding abilities.
“Beyond pollutant mitigation, ABB significantly improves soil properties by enhancing nutrient retention [70], cation exchange capacity [71], and water-holding abilities [72].”
From Algal-Based Carbonaceous Materials for Environmental Remediation: Advances in Wastewater Treatment, Carbon Sequestration, and Biofuel Applications (2025) · cites this paper as [72]
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Sorted by citations
Li, J., Peduruhewa, J. H., Brown, R. W., Chadwick, D. R., Griffiths, R. I., Fu, H., Bian, H., Sheng, L., Ma, Q., & Jones, D. L. (2025) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s00374-025-01971-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Biochar, produced by pyrolyzing organic biomass under limited oxygen, is widely recognized as a promising soil amendment for improving fertility and supporting sustainable agriculture (Li et al. 2024; Waheed et al. 2025).”
González Fernández, L. A., Medellín Castillo, N. A., Sánchez Polo, M., Navarro Frómeta, A. E., & Vilasó Cadre, J. E. (2025) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr13020556 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Loebsack, G., Yeung, K. K. ‐., Berruti, F., & Klinghoffer, N. B. (2025) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107617 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Jatuwong, K., Aiduang, W., Kiatsiriroat, T., Kamopas, W., & Lumyong, S. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15020284 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Moreover, its integration into agricultural systems supports the circular economy by converting agricultural waste into valuable products, thereby enhancing economic resilience in farming communities [147].”
Baba, I. A., Awe, O. B., Mustapha, S., et al. (2026) · Hybrid Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100666 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
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Biochar in Animal Agriculture: Enhancing Health, Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability
Kazemi, M. (2025) · Veterinary Medicine and Science · doi:10.1002/vms3.70629 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Chakma, S., Hasan, M., Hu, Y., Rakshit, S. K., & Kang, K. (2025) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114970 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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“Biochar-based carbon sequestration, one of the negative energy technologies, is a promising approach to trap CO 2 from the atmosphere to function as a long-term carbon sink in the soil, increasing its C:N ratio [125,132,133].”
Xu, H., Xu, Q. Q., Gao, G., Dou, H., Waheed, A., & Aili, A. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.123485 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrobial interactions with uranium: Mechanisms, ecosystem impacts, and bioremediation strategies
Wufuer, R., Waheed, A., Pei, L., et al. (2025) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2025.104510 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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Gullì, M., Cangioli, L., Frusciante, S., Graziano, S., Caldara, M., Fiore, A., Klonowski, A. M., Maestri, E., BRUNORI, A., Mengoni, A., et al. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178872 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Biochar as a climate-smart strategy for restoring dryland soils and mitigating desertification
Waheed, A., Xu, Q., Cui, D., Muhammad, M., Xu, H., Aili, A., Kuerban, A., & Ali, S. (2026) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-025-00537-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Through its ability to improve soil fertility, water retention, and nutrient availability, biochar has been proven to be critical in supporting vegetation growth in such challenging environments (Waheed et al. 2025a).”
Self-citationZhao, H., Zhang, Z., Yu, H., et al. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.122097 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Baba, I. A., Mustapha, S., Abdulkareem, A. S., Tijani, J. O., & Obayomi, K. S. (2026) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123103 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dalloul, A., Jellali, S., El‐Azazy, M., Abu‐Dieyeh, M. H., Sayadi, S., & Hamdi, H. (2026) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-025-00536-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Controlling the production conditions starts with the choice of a suitable feedstock and the optimization of the processes that cause the thermal decomposition of biomass (Osman et al. 2022; Upadhyay et al. 2024; Waheed et al. 2025).”
A critical review on the development stages of biorefinery systems for sugarcane processing wastes
Wang, D., Sarsaiya, S., Zheng, J., Wong, J. W. C., Zhou, J., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2025.116316 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Dhila, H. H., Bhapkar, A. R., & Bhame, S. D. (2025) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.202504007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Borges, A. D. D. S., Cardoso, M., & Oliveira, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-30809-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“These results reflect the typical composition of biochars derived from animal based residues, which are generally rich in nutrients but have lower carbonization efficiency 8,24 .”
Soil carbon fractions and their role in climate-resilient agriculture: A review
Yadav, M., Mittal, R., Kumari, A., Bhatia, A., Khatri, A., & Bhateria, R. (2025) · Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action · doi:10.1016/j.scca.2025.100127 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Gao, C., Qin, J., Tian, Y., et al. (2025) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy15092170 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The recovery of Ci under B1W3 (99.55% of B1W1) despite drought indicates biochar’s role in minimizing metabolic inhibition—possibly via enhanced cytokinin signaling from roots, which regulates stomatal aperture [47].”
InfluentialLi, Y., Zhang, R., Zhang, C., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1626136 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Jiang, Y., Shiyu, X. I. E., Abou‐Elwafa, S. F., Mukherjee, S., Singh, R. K., Tran, H.-T., Shi, J., Trindade, H., Zhang, T., & Chen, Q. (2025) · Biochar X · doi:10.48130/bchax-0025-0003 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Busari, B. I., Ezzat, A. O., Emmanuel, S. S., et al. (2025) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-025-10934-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“In line with the definition of BC as carbon carbon-rich material [36, 37 ], the EDX findings show that carbon is the most prominent element in both CPD, LPD, and FPD, accounting for about 41 to ~ 50% weight concentration.”
Optimum nitrogen rate combined with biochar increased wheat yield while improving lodging resistance
Yang, Z., Liu, P., Wang, S., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Agronomy · doi:10.1016/j.eja.2025.127849 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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“By converting organic waste into a stable carbon form, biochar prevents biomass from entering landfills and incineration [35], sequesters carbon in soils, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions [36,37].”
Alves, K. S., Guimarães, T., Bittencourt, R. D. C., Gonçalves, P. A. R., Carneiro, A. D. C. O., Carvalho, A. M. M. L., & da Costa, M. M. (2025) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-025-06702-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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“Comparable results were reported for various studies dealing with agricultural soil amendments with livestock-derived biochars [68–70].”
Raczkiewicz, M., Akachukwu, D., & Oleszczuk, P. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.123161 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Microbial aggregates and functional materials for mitigating soil nitrogen loss: a review
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“Additionally, biochar can stimulate microbial activity that can further influence N cycling and plant N availability (Waheed et al. 2025).”
Lee, Z. H., Abdullah, R., Yaacob, J. S., & Rosli, N. S. M. (2026) · Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy · doi:10.1007/s10098-026-03469-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The improvements in pore architecture and surface functionalization must also be evaluated in the context of biochar’s long-term stability, particularly because biochar is recognized for its ability to persist in soils for centuries to millennia (Waheed et al. 2025).”
Sanchez, E. Y., Zabaleta, R., Romero, A. L. N., Maldonado, V. N. F., Fabani, M. P., Mazza, G., & Rodríguez, R. (2025) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy15030658 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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“The transformation of agricultural waste into useful biochar also contributes to circular bioec-onomy (Waheed et al., 2025).”
Yahya, F. H., Radeef, A. Y., Ismael, M. N., & Najim, A. A. (2025) · Separation Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/01496395.2025.2576545 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“[38] Scientists today acknowledge biomass byproducts and agricultural residues because of their accessible supply and affordable nature, together with their non-hazardous and eco-friendly attributes.”
Agbeshie, A. A., Ewusi‐Mensah, N., Amoah, A. A., Logah, V., & Jørgensen, U. (2025) · Soil Use and Management · doi:10.1111/sum.70142 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…rate of NPK + co-composted biochar at 2 t ha − 1 . an important feedstock for biochar production aligns with circular bioeconomy principles of transforming waste into useful carbon-rich material (Waheed et al. 2025) and generating a value-added product in enhancing soil properties and crop output.”
Cao, Y., Cheng, Q., Bao, C., Zhang, Z., Wu, W., & Yang, H. (2025) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122315 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Mitigating Abiotic Stresses and Enhancing Tree Growth with Biochar and Hydrogels: A Review
Ammar, A., Bakari, Z., Bubba, M. D., Aziz, F., Khemakhem, B., Elghadraoui, A., & Elleuch, A. (2025) · Journal of soil science and plant nutrition · doi:10.1007/s42729-025-02741-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Biochar production from various waste sources for sustainable soil improvement could be categorized into four main groups as described by Waheed et al. (2025): industrial wastes (peel, paper wastes, textile fibers), farming residues (weed, Rice husk), forestry residues (tree bark, sawdust, wood…”
Şahin, Ö., Eroglu, N. S., & Güneş, A. (2025) · Journal of soil science and plant nutrition · doi:10.1007/s42729-025-02691-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of agricultural residues, has gained recognition as a valuable soil amendment (Wang et al. 2022 ; Yazdani et al. 2024; Waheed et al. 2025).”
Linking biochar physico-chemical traits to sorghum growth and soil carbon dynamics
Kefalew, A., Geremew, A., Guthrie, D. M., Elder, D., Woldesenbet, S., Grady, T. L., Shrestha, A. B., Amarasekara, A. S., Ray, R. L., Kuloyo, O., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2025.1644821 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Recent advances in valorization pathways for food manufacturing waste
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“In conclusion, a systematic consideration of the interactive effects among biochar properties, soil characteristics and climatic conditions is essential for optimising biochar application (Muema et al. 2024; Waheed et al. 2025).”
Valizadeh, N., Karami, A., & Le, T. T. (2026) · Biomass · doi:10.3390/biomass6030044 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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“However, the effectiveness of biochar as a soil amendment depends on its physicochemical properties and interactions with local soil and climate condition (Waheed et al. 2025).”
Effect of biochar with microbial agents on enzyme activity in sewage irrigated soil
Sun, P., Zhe, L., & Yingying, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2025.1615939 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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The future of microbes as alternative sources: advancements, challenges, and opportunities
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Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Phosphorus Release From Fish Scale Biochar in Wheat Crop
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Biochar Production and Characteristics
Soni, M., Kanani, K., Singh, S., Shukla, N., & Dwivedi, K. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-16746-0_1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Rice Straw Preparation of Biochar Process and Its Prospective Data Analysis
Wang, Y. (2025) · Science and Technology of Engineering Chemistry and Environmental Protection · doi:10.61173/fc6get65
A systematic review of carbon sink pathways and deployment strategies
Ma, J., Zhou, Y., He, L., Liu, X., & Wang, H. (2026) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105517
Sustainability Trade-offs in Biochar Production
Kosteviča, V., Kubule, A., Vamža, I., et al. (2025) · Environmental and Climate Technologies · doi:10.2478/rtuect-2025-0057
“These indicators emphasize the biochar role as a CDR technology and its contribution to long-term climate mitigation [18], [19].”
Bianasari, A. A., Bakar, M. S. A., Khaled, M. S., Saepurahman, S., Mansur, D., & Азад, А. К. (2025) · International Journal of Renewable Energy Development · doi:10.61435/ijred.2026.61234 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“This substance serves as a soil amendment, enhancing fertility, water retention, and promoting microbial activity (Waheed et al., 2025).”
New frontiers in soil chemistry research innovations and discoveries
Hayat, K., Ahmad, S., Wahid, N., Karishma, Ali, A., Kaplan, A., Khan, M. N., Fahad, S., & Iqbal, M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-40584-6.00005-x
Bagheri, F., Baharlouei, J., Khalili, B., et al. (2025) · Environmental Challenges · doi:10.1016/j.envc.2025.101389
Application of biochar in wastewater treatment for the removal of FOG
Tomsy, A. A., Sahithya, K., & Abraham, A. A. M. (2025) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1520/1/012002
“Multiple researchers report biochar application can boost crop yields by 30% in nutrient-deficient soils, while also acting as a long-term carbon sequestration solution [22].”
InfluentialБІОВУГІЛЛЯ З АГРОВІДХОДІВ: ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ
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Jiang, Z., Lu, Y., Zhang, H., Li, G., Tan, Y., Zhu, Y., Xie, Y., & Wang, B. (2025) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy16010010
Abiotic Stress in Plants: Biosurfactants as Tools to Enhance Plant Resilience
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“Other research by Broda et al 61,62 . clearly confirmed the positive influence of wool on the vegetation of grass and the diversity of its species.”
Testing a Biochar Filter for Removal of 128 Pesticides in Surface WaterPreprint
Koch, A., Jonsson, O., Dürebrandt, G., et al. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6641763
Rovatta, L. M., de Prada, R. E., Diego, A., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27094044
“Moreover, the use of BC derived from agricultural or agro-industrial residues contributes to circular economy strategies by valorizing waste biomass streams [30,31].”
Sustainable biochar management to achieve carbon neutrality
Mahari, W. A. W., & Lam, S. S. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29865-3.00013-3
Banerjee, D. B., Dey, P., & Bhar, A. (2026) · Sustainability Sciences in Asia and Africa · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-7844-3_10
Ghani, M. U., Li, M., Shen, J., Gong, Y., Ronghui, W., Xu, Y., Kamran, M., Pandey, S. P., & Ai, S. (2026) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2026.107278
Evaluation of plants’ response to activated biochar through visual and proximal sensing monitoring
Orlandella, I., Smith, K. N., Belcore, E., et al. (2026) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109585
Biochar modifications for environmental applications
Mwizerwa, I. T., Hasan, I. M. U., Husein, M., & Kateita, J. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27763-4.00001-5
Adoption of circular agricultural practices among small-scale farmers
Ma, L., Bazrafkan, K., Alipour, H., Ataei, P., Karimi, H., Zarei, H., & Foong, L. K. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-54892-4
“These practices have the potential to be seen as difficult, require much labor, or be difficult to gain knowledge about 18–20 .”
Alves, K. S., Guimarães, T., Carneiro, A. D. C. O., et al. (2026) · Bioresources and Bioproducts · doi:10.3390/bioresourbioprod2020010
“Studies have shown that biochar can stimulate plant growth by creating an environment more conducive to beneficial microbial activity, improving soil health and enhancing agricultural productivity [96].”
Application of biochar in crop production
Ahmed, Z., Dongwei, G. U. I., Murtaza, G., Tariq, A., Aslam, T., Yang, Z., & Ali, A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-44581-1.00018-1
Sustainable Energy Through Pyrolysis: Bridging Innovation With Implementation in Biomass Conversion
Yee, C. S., Muhammad‐Sukki, F., Adlim, M., Yazawa, T., Feisal, N. A. S., Kamarudin, M. K. A., Wan‐Mohtar, W. A. A. Q. I., & Ilham, Z. (2026) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1155/er/7797988
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“Several recent reviews have emphasized the growing importance of biochar as a multifunctional amendment capable of improving soil fertility, nutrient retention, and crop productivity in sustainable agricultural systems [1, 6, 51].”
Soothar, M. K., Qi, Y., Du, G., Jakhro, M. I., Leghari, S. J., & Sootahar, M. K. (2026) · Journal of soil science and plant nutrition · doi:10.1007/s42729-026-03401-7
“Photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, show consistent improvements in biochar-treated plants under saline conditions compared to controls (Xu et al. 2025 ).”
Cheng, Y., Feng, W., Wang, Y., Yang, F., Miao, Q., Ho, C., Huo, Y., & Liao, H. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.179008
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Galiassi, G. R. R., Coringa, E. D. A. O., & Coringa, J. D. E. S. (2026) · Ciência e Natura · doi:10.5902/2179460x90647
“Thus, biochar not only serves as an efficient adsorbent but also plays a role in reducing net CO 2 emissions by stabilizing carbon that would otherwise decompose and release greenhouse gases (Nogueira et al., 2019; Waheed et al., 2024; Shrestha, 2023).”
Khan, I., Wang, F., Rehman, A., Nadeem, F., Bashir, W., Liu, T., & Zhuang, P. (2026) · International Journal of Phytoremediation · doi:10.1080/15226514.2026.2705293
Biohybrid materials enable efficient biosynthesis of chemicals
Wang, J., Guo, F., Xin, F., et al. (2026) · Trends in Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trechm.2026.07.006
Ma, C., Zhou, R., Shang, Y., Sun, Y., Wang, A., Wang, L., Pan, X., Prasanna, P., Tang, T., & Qu, Z. (2026) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2026.105188
Application and prospect of artificial intelligence in biochar for acidic soil amelioration
Guo, L., Li, K., & Xu, R. (2026) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-026-00652-6
“…endpoints relevant to acidic soil ameliora-tion—such as general SOC prediction and labile heavy metal immobilization (Shi et al. 2018a, 2018b; Xu et al. 2025; Shi et al. 2019a; Sun et al. 2026; Bai et al. 2026b; Khan et al. 2026; Wu et al. 2023; Zhang et al. 2024b)— these applications serve…”
Kaibe, K., Inoue, M., & Otomo, J. (2026) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.110001
- Authors
- Waheed, A., Xu, H., Qiao, X., Aili, A., Yiremaikebayi, Y., Haitao, D., & Muhammad, M.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Hailiang
- Aili, Aishajiang
- Venue
- Biomass and Bioenergy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-02
- Volume
- 193
- Pages
- 107531
- ISSN
- 0961-9534 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4405124918
- Semantic Scholar
- c55613135854b6a8f17ae5ec35e6e34cc7dad3ac
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 168
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 55
- FWCI
- 23.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomass and Bioenergy (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development
- Keywords
- biochar, biomass pyrolysis, soil health, carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation, circular bioeconomy, nutrient retention, water holding capacity, soil microbial activity, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, nitrous oxide, heavy metal adsorption, nutrient leaching, crop yield, agricultural residues, woody biomass, soil fertility, waste management, bioenergy
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