Evaluating Low Temperature’s Impact on Lithium-Ion Batteries: Examination of Performance Metrics with Respect to Size and Chemistry
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This study explores the effects of low temperatures on the performance of various lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), comparing different sizes and chemical compositions. Experiments were conducted in a sub-zero temperature environment, examining discharge behavior, internal resistance, and capacity retention. The findings reveal that smaller-sized batteries (18650, 21700) have a marked resilience to cold, outperforming larger 26650 cells, with smaller average capacity declines noted in both LiCoO2 and LiMn2O2 chemistries. The study also introduces a new adaptive filtering technique for better battery behaviour analysis at low temperatures, which avoids distortion of important electrochemical signals.
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Low temperatures reduce battery efficiency, usable capacity, and lifespan due to higher internal resistance and slower electrochemical reactions.
“Low temperatures reduce battery efficiency, usable capacity, and lifespan due to higher internal resistance and slower electrochemical reactions [40].”
From Designing a Sustainable Off-Grid EV Charging Station: Analysis Across Urban and Remote Canadian Regions (2026) · cites this paper as [40]
The Introduction (page unavailable) links cold-induced capacity loss to higher internal resistance and slower charge-transfer kinetics, and describes permanent capacity loss from lithium plating during cold charging. Section 3.2 (page unavailable) reports reduced coulombic efficiency in 26650 cells at −30 °C, but little change in the smaller cells. The paper does not directly establish a reduction in battery lifespan, and the efficiency finding depends on cell size. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Abdelrahman, A., Hu, Y., & Liu, J.
- Affiliations
- Carleton University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Jie
- Venue
- Machines
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2025-12-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1114
- ISSN
- 2075-1702 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4416917539
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Machines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Keywords
- lithium-ion batteries, low-temperature performance, battery size, 18650 cells, 21700 cells, LiCoO2, capacity retention, internal resistance, discharge behavior, adaptive filtering
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