Differentially private image classification using support vector machine and differential privacy
Open accessAbstract
The ubiquity of data, including multi-media data such as images, enables easy mining and analysis of such data. However, such an analysis might involve the use of sensitive data such as medical records (including radiological images) and financial records. Privacy-preserving machine learning is an approach that is aimed at the analysis of such data in such a way that privacy is not compromised. There are various privacy-preserving data analysis approaches such as k-anonymity, l-diversity, t-closeness and Differential Privacy (DP). Currently, DP is a golden standard of privacy-preserving data analysis due to its robustness against background knowledge attacks. In this paper, we report a scheme for privacy-preserving image classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and DP. SVM is chosen as a classification algorithm because unlike variants of artificial neural networks, it converges to a global optimum. SVM kernels used are linear and Radial Basis Function (RBF), while ϵ -differential privacy was the DP framework used. The proposed scheme achieved an accuracy of up to 98%. The results obtained underline the utility of using SVM and DP for privacy-preserving image classification.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Quantum technologies can provide secure transmission of medical data, ensuring privacy and confidentiality.
“QTs can provide secure transmission of medical data, ensuring privacy (Senekane et al., 2017; Senekane, 2019) and confidentiality (Garapo et al., 2016; Mafu and Senekane, 2018).”
From Quantum technology for development framework as a tool for science diplomacy (2023) · cites this paper as Senekane, 2019
Cites
Schölkopf, B., & Smola, A. J. (2001) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4175.001.0001 · Cited by 11,934 · see citing works
k-ANONYMITY: A MODEL FOR PROTECTING PRIVACY
SWEENEY, L. (2002) · International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1142/s0218488502001648 · Cited by 8,571 · see citing works
Calibrating Noise to Sensitivity in Private Data Analysis
Dwork, C., McSherry, F., Nissim, K., & Smith, A. (2006) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/11681878_14 · Cited by 7,272 · see citing works
Deep Learning with Differential Privacy
Abadi, M., Chu, A., Goodfellow, I., McMahan, H. B., Mironov, I., Talwar, K., & Zhang, L. (2016) · Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security · doi:10.1145/2976749.2978318 · Cited by 6,578 · see citing works
The Algorithmic Foundations of Differential Privacy
Dwork, C., & Roth, A. (2014) · Foundations and Trends® in Theoretical Computer Science · doi:10.1561/0400000042 · Cited by 5,557 · see citing works
<i>L</i> -diversity: Privacy beyond <i>k</i> -anonymity
Machanavajjhala, A., Kifer, D., Gehrke, J., & Venkitasubramaniam, M. (2007) · ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data · doi:10.1145/1217299.1217302 · Cited by 3,617 · see citing works
Differential Privacy: A Survey of Results
Dwork, C. (2008) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79228-4_1 · Cited by 3,542 · see citing works
t-Closeness: Privacy Beyond k-Anonymity and l-Diversity
Li, N., Li, T., & Venkatasubramanian, S. (2007) · 2007 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/icde.2007.367856 · Cited by 3,451 · see citing works
Privacy-preserving deep learning
Shokri, R., & Shmatikov, V. (2015) · Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security · doi:10.1145/2810103.2813687 · Cited by 2,356 · see citing works
RAPPOR: Randomized Aggregatable Privacy-Preserving Ordinal Response
Erlingsson, Ú., Pihur, V., & Korolova, A. (2014) · Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security · doi:10.1145/2660267.2660348 · Cited by 1,838 · see citing works
Our Data, Ourselves: Privacy Via Distributed Noise Generation
Dwork, C., Kenthapadi, K., McSherry, F., Mironov, I., & Naor, M. (2006) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/11761679_29 · Cited by 1,835 · see citing works
Privacy-preserving data mining
Agrawal, R., & Srikant, R. (2000) · Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data · doi:10.1145/342009.335438 · Cited by 1,719 · see citing works
(2011) · PubMed · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Privacy-preserving logistic regression
Chaudhuri, K., & Monteleoni, C. (2008) · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Privacy-Preserving Data Mining
Thomas, D. (2008) · The Kluwer international series on advances in database systems · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-70992-5 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Using randomized response techniques for privacy-preserving data mining
Du, W. K., & Zhan, Z. (2003) · ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) · doi:10.1145/956750.956810 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Learning in a Large Function Space: Privacy-Preserving Mechanisms for SVM Learning
Rubinstein, B. I. P., Bartlett, P. L., Huang, L., & Taft, N. (2012) · Journal of Privacy and Confidentiality · doi:10.29012/jpc.v4i1.612 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Towards practical differential privacy for SQL queries
Johnson, N., Near, J. P., & Song, D. X. (2018) · Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment · doi:10.1145/3187009.3177733 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning Algorithms for Big Data Systems
Xu, K., Yue, H., Guo, L., Guo, Y., & Fang, Y. M. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS) · doi:10.1109/icdcs.2015.40 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Differential Privacy and Applications
Zhu, T., Li, G., Zhou, W., & Yu, P. S. (2017) · Advances in information security · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62004-6 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Sample Complexity Bounds for Differentially Private Learning.
Chaudhuri, K., & Hsu, D. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Guaranteeing Local Differential Privacy on Ultra-Low-Power Systems
Choi, W.-S., Tomei, M., Vicarte, J. R. S., Hanumolu, P. K., & Kumar, R. (2018) · Proceedings - International Symposium on Computer Architecture/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/isca.2018.00053 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Big Data and Differential Privacy
Attoh-Okine, N. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119229070 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Privacy-preserving quantum machine learning using differential privacy,”
Senekane, M., Mafu, M., & Taele, B. M. (2017) · 2017 IEEE AFRICON · doi:10.1109/afrcon.2017.8095692 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 25 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Smart Agriculture Cloud Using AI Based Techniques
Junaid, M., Shaikh, A., Hassan, M. U., Alghamdi, A., Rajab, K. D., Reshan, M. S. A., & Alkinani, M. H. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14165129 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Privacy-Preserving Multi-Class Support Vector Machine Model on Medical Diagnosis
Chen, Y., Mao, Q., Wang, B., Duan, P., Zhang, B., & Hong, Z. (2022) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2022.3157592 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Startups and Consumer Purchase Behavior: Application of Support Vector Machine Algorithm
Ebrahimi, P., Salamzadeh, A., Soleimani, M., Khansari, S. M., Zarea, H., & Fekete-Farkas, M. (2022) · Big Data and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.3390/bdcc6020034 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Vergaray, A. D., Herrera, J. C., Cornelio, J. B., Carranza, A. R. L., & Sánchez, C. F. P. (2023) · Informatics in Medicine Unlocked · doi:10.1016/j.imu.2023.101295 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A Differential Privacy Support Vector Machine Classifier Based on Dual Variable Perturbation
Zhang, Y., Hao, Z., & Wang, S. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2929680 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Vergaray, A. D., Arroyo-Paz, A., Cornelio, J. B., Pérez, O. G. A., & Pinto, J. (2023) · Informatics in Medicine Unlocked · doi:10.1016/j.imu.2023.101340 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Privacy preserving rule-based classifier using modified artificial bee colony algorithm
Zorarpacı, E., & Özel, S. A. (2021) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115437 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Systematic Survey: Secure and Privacy-Preserving Big Data Analytics in Cloud
Rajan, A. A., & Vetriselvi, V. (2023) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.2023.2176946 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Efficient differentially private kernel support vector classifier for multi-class classification
Park, J.-G., Choi, Y., Byun, J., Lee, J., & Park, S. (2022) · Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ins.2022.10.075 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Privacy preserving classification over differentially private data
Zorarpacı, E., & Özel, S. A. (2020) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery · doi:10.1002/widm.1399 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Zorarpacı, E., & Özel, S. A. (2020) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2020.103813 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Differentially private regression analysis with dynamic privacy allocation
Pan, K., Gong, M., Feng, K., & Wang, K. (2021) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2021.106795 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Quantum technology for development framework as a tool for science diplomacy
Mafu, M., & Senekane, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics · doi:10.3389/frma.2023.1279376 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“QTs can provide secure transmission of medical data, ensuring privacy (Senekane et al., 2017; Senekane, 2019) and confidentiality (Garapo et al., 2016; Mafu and Senekane, 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFactors influencing green, environmentally-friendly consumer behaviour
Suhaeni, S., Wulandari, E., Turnip, A., & Deliana, Y. (2024) · Open Agriculture · doi:10.1515/opag-2022-0269 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Privacy-Preserving Classification Scheme Based on Support Vector Machine
Mao, Q., Chen, Y., Duan, P., Zhang, B., Hong, Z., & Wang, B. (2022) · IEEE Systems Journal · doi:10.1109/jsyst.2022.3150785 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Noisy, Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computing and Industrial Revolution 4.0
Senekane, M., Maseli, M., & Taele, B. M. (2020) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48230-5_9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationDeployment of Differential Privacy for Application in Artificial Intelligence
Senekane, M. (2021) · International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET) · doi:10.1109/icecet52533.2021.9698473 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationJafarigol, E., Trafali̇s, T. B., Razzaghi, T., & Zamankhani, M. (2024) · Springer optimization and its applications · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-74006-0_4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ontology Learning using Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms for Disaster Risk Management
Contreras, J. O., Ballera, M. A., & Festijo, E. D. (2020) · doi:10.1145/3432291.3432306 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A comparative Study on AI-Driven Anonymization Techniques for Protecting Personal Data
-, M. P., -, A. K. U., -, M. R., & -, J. D. (2024) · International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i04.24770 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
WITHDRAWN: Mobile phone user behavior's recognition using gyroscope sensor and ML algorithms
Kareem, Z. H., Ramli, K. N., Malik, R. Q., & Zahra, M. M. A. (2021) · Materials Today Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.639 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
RetractedKou, X., Wang, F., Zhu, H., Zheng, Y., Yang, X., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications · doi:10.1007/s12083-024-01718-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Vergaray, A. D., Olivos-López, A. J., Pizarro, M. C., Abad-Escalante, K. M., Ortiz, P. G. C., Apaza, R. D. M., Ruiz-Baca, J., & Sánchez-Chávez, J. P. (2024) · Informatics in Medicine Unlocked · doi:10.1016/j.imu.2024.101567 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Differential Privacy Protection for Support Vector Machines for Nonlinear Classification
Huang, Y., Yang, G., Bai, Y., & Dai, H. (2022) · Security and Communication Networks · doi:10.1155/2022/7941915 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Prediction of Middle-Aged Unhealthy Facial Skin Using VGG19 and Support Vector Machine Models
Wiryasaputra, R., Huang, C., Williyanto, R., & Yang, C. (2022) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-9582-8_25 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Classification of Alphabetic Handwriting of Pre-toddlers Using Support Vector Machine Method
Riyadi, S. A. P., Gunawan, P. H., & Ihsan, A. F. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (COMNETSAT) · doi:10.1109/comnetsat59769.2023.10420648 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Approximate DBSCAN under Differential Privacy
Qiu, Y., & Yi, K. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data · doi:10.1145/3725265 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
PriSEG: A Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Image Segmentation System
He, Z., Luo, Y., Huang, K., Liu, L., & Fu, S. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing · doi:10.1109/tdsc.2026.3674217 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pramunendar, R. A., Prabowo, D. P., & Sari, Y. (2022) · Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (JTIULM) · doi:10.20527/jtiulm.v7i2.145 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks for Imbalance Medical Image Classification.
Ismail, A. R., Khalili, A. S. M., Rahim, N. F. A., & Nisa, S. Q. (2023) · International Journal on Perceptive and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.31436/ijpcc.v9i2.409 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nadaf, M., Omidipour, R., & Sobhani, H. (2024) · Pizhūhish va fanāvarī-i muḥīṭ-i zīst. · doi:10.61186/jert.43616.8.14.131 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An Interpretable Graph-Based Mapping of Trustworthy Machine Learning Research
Derzsy, N., Majumdar, S., & Malik, R. (2021) · Springer proceedings in complexity · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81854-8_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Image Features Anonymization for Privacy Aware Machine Learning
Jaidan, N., & Duong, L. T. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64583-0_58
Privacy Preserving in Big Data: Summary of Classification techniquesPreprint
Ruogang, T. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3909074
Privacy-Preserving Training of Support Vector Machines via Secure Multiparty Computation
Jaramillo, D. C., Madrigal, H. D. V., Escudero, D. E., & Morales, F. A. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security · doi:10.1145/3749373
Sevani, N., Seruni, Muljono, J. B., Kean, S. D., & Wiryasaputra, R. (2025) · International Conference on Awareness Science and Technology (iCAST) · doi:10.1109/icast68191.2025.11300234
Removal of Fluoride Using Activated Alumina: Optimization and Modelling
Dutta, N., & Dey, P. (2026) · Lecture notes in civil engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-2893-6_4
Hossain, M. M., & Rahman, M. M. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0353565
- Authors
- Senekane, M.
- Affiliations
- National University of Lesotho (LS)
- Corresponding author
- Senekane, Makhamisa
- ORCID
- Senekane, Makhamisa
- Venue
- Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-02-20
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 483-491
- ISSN
- 2504-4990 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2916763046
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cloud Data Security Solutions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Keywords
- differential privacy, privacy-preserving machine learning, image classification, support vector machine, medical image privacy, background knowledge attack, linear kernel, Gaussian kernel
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review