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Pasture Feeding Changes the Bovine Rumen and Milk Metabolome
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two pasture feeding systems—perennial ryegrass (GRS) and perennial ryegrass and white clover (CLV)—and an indoor total mixed ration (TMR) system on the (a) rumen microbiome; (b) rumen fluid and milk metabolome; and (c) to assess the potential to distinguish milk from different feeding systems by their respective metabolomes. Rumen fluid was collected from nine rumen cannulated cows under the different feeding systems in early, mid and late lactation, and raw milk samples were collected from ten non-cannulated cows in mid-lactation from each of the feeding systems. The microbiota present in rumen liquid and solid portions were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while 1H-NMR untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed on rumen fluid and raw milk samples. The rumen microbiota composition was not found to be significantly altered by any feeding system in this study, likely as a result of a shortened adaptation period (two weeks’ exposure time). In contrast, feeding system had a significant effect on both the rumen and milk metabolome. Increased concentrations of volatile fatty acids including acetic acid, an important source of energy for the cow, were detected in the rumen of TMR and CLV-fed cows. Pasture feeding resulted in significantly higher concentrations of isoacids in the rumen. The ruminal fluids of both CLV and GRS-fed cows were found to have increased concentrations of p-cresol, a product of microbiome metabolism. CLV feeding resulted in increased rumen concentrations of formate, a substrate compound for methanogenesis. The TMR feeding resulted in significantly higher rumen choline content, which contributes to animal health and milk production, and succinate, a product of carbohydrate metabolism. Milk and rumen-fluids were shown to have varying levels of dimethyl sulfone in each feeding system, which was found to be an important compound for distinguishing between the diets. CLV feeding resulted in increased concentrations of milk urea. Milk from pasture-based feeding systems was shown to have significantly higher concentrations of hippuric acid, a potential biomarker of pasture-derived milk. This study has demonstrated that 1H-NMR metabolomics coupled with multivariate analysis is capable of distinguishing both rumen-fluid and milk derived from cows on different feeding systems, specifically between indoor TMR and pasture-based diets used in this study.
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“However, there are few studies to date combining both sequencing and metabolomics to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the rumen system that would contribute information regarding metabolic expression of the genetic potential of the microbiota (Mao et al., 2016; Zhang J. et al., 2017; O'callaghan et al., 2018).”
From Addressing global ruminant agricultural challenges through understanding the rumen microbiome: past, present, and future (2018) · cites this paper as O'callaghan et al., 2018
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Metadata
- Authors
- O’Callaghan, T., Vázquez-Fresno, R., Serra-Cayuela, A., Dong, E., Mandal, R., Hennessy, D., McAuliffe, S., Dillon, P., Wishart, D., Stanton, C., & Ross, R.
- Affiliations
- Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G1C9, Canada
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ross, R.
- Venue
- Metabolites
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-04-06
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 27
- ISSN
- 2218-1989 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6027121
- OpenAlex
- W2795936251
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 24.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Metabolites (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- T-Stór (Teagasc) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Teagasc
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI/12/RC/2273)
- Dairy Levy (Dairy Research Ireland)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- Keywords
- pasture grazing, dairy cattle, rumen microbiome, milk metabolome, rumen fluid, total mixed ration, perennial ryegrass, white clover, volatile fatty acids, p-cresol, formate, choline, succinic acid, dimethyl sulfone, hippuric acid, milk urea nitrogen, 1H NMR metabolomics
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