Cited by 374Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensingWastewater Treatment and Nitrogen RemovalPolysaccharides Composition and Applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 96 of the 96 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

EPS—Then and Now

Open access

Flemming, Hans-Curt·2016·Microorganisms

DOI 10.3390/microorganisms4040041PMC PMC5192524

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

“Slime” played a brief and spectacular role in the 19th century founded by the theory of primordial slime by Ernst Haeckel. However, that substance was never found and eventually abandoned. Further scientific attention slowly began in the 1930s referring to slime as a microbial product and then was inspired by “How bacteria stick” by Costerton et al. in 1978, and the matrix material was considered to be polysaccharides. Later, it turned out that proteins, nucleic acids and lipids were major other constituents of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), an acronym which was highly discussed. The role of the EPS matrix turns out to be fundamental for biofilms, in terms of keeping cells in proximity and allowing for extended interaction, resource capture, mechanical strength and other properties, which emerge from the life of biofilm organisms, including enhanced tolerance to antimicrobials and other stress. The EPS components are extremely complex and dynamic and fulfil many functional roles, turning biofilms into the most ubiquitous and successful form of life on Earth.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/microorganisms4040041

Cites

96 of 96 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The biofilm matrix
Flemming, H.-C., & Wingender, J. (2010) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2415 · Cited by 10,137
Self-citation
Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life
Flemming, H.-C., Wingender, J., Szewzyk, U., Steinberg, P., Rice, S. A., & Kjelleberg, S. (2016) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.94 · Cited by 5,979
Self-citation
Extracellular DNA Required for Bacterial Biofilm Formation
Whitchurch, C. B., Tolker-Nielsen, T., Ragas, P. C., & Mattick, J. S. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.295.5559.1487 · Cited by 2,203
Biofilm exopolysaccharides: a strong and sticky framework
Sutherland, I. W. (2001) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-147-1-3 · Cited by 1,807
The EPS Matrix: The “House of Biofilm Cells”
Flemming, H., Neu, T. R., & Wozniak, D. J. (2007) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00858-07 · Cited by 1,801
Self-citation
Principles of c-di-GMP signalling in bacteria
Hengge, R. (2009) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2109 · Cited by 1,617
Distinguishing between resistance, tolerance and persistence to antibiotic treatment
Brauner, A., Fridman, O., Gefen, O., & Balaban, N. Q. (2016) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.34 · Cited by 1,612
A field guide to bacterial swarming motility
Kearns, D. B. (2010) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2405 · Cited by 1,483
How Bacteria Stick
Costerton, J. W., Geesey, G. G., & Cheng, K.-J. (1978) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0178-86 · Cited by 1,443
Biofilm, City of Microbes
Watnick, P. I., & Kolter, R. (2000) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.182.10.2675-2679.2000 · Cited by 1,434

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 96 references

Research works printed but not linked: 10

Geesey, 1982, Microbial exopolymers: Ecological and economic considerations, ASM News, 48, 9
Characklis, W.G., and Wilderer, P.A. (1989). Structure and Function of Biofilms, Wiley-Blackwell.
Wingender, J., Neu, T.R., and Flemming, H.C. (1999). Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, Springer. · DOI
Wingender, J., Neu, T., and Flemming, H.-C. (1999). Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, Springer. · DOI
Flemming, H.-C., Neu, T.R., and Wingender, J. (2016). The Perfect Slime: Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS), IWA publishing. · DOI
Moran, A., Brenan, P., Holst, O., and von Itzstein, M. (2009). Microbial Glycobiology: Structures, Relevance and Applications, Elsevier.
Flemming, H.-C., Wingender, J., and Neu, T.R. (2016). The Perfect Slime—Microbial Extracellular Substances, IWA Publishing. · DOI
Flemming, H.-C., Wingender, J., and Neu, T. (2016). The Perfect Slime—Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, IWA Publishing. · DOI
Flemming, H.-C., Neu, T.R., and Wingender, J. (2016). The Perfect Slime: Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances, Springer. · DOI
Flemming, H.-C., Wingender, J., and Neu, T.R. (2016). The Perfect Slime—Microbial Extracellular Substances, IWA Publishing. · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 374

Influence of Bacterial Biofilm Polysaccharide Structure on Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides: A Study on Klebsiella pneumoniae
Bellich, B., Lagatolla, C., Tossi, A., Benincasa, M., Cescutti, P., & Rizzo, R. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19061685 · Cited by 28
Periphytic biofilms accumulate manganese, intercepting its emigration from paddy soil
Sun, P., Gao, M., Sun, R., Wu, Y., & Dolfing, J. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125172 · Cited by 28
Biofilm formation and its effects on microbiologically influenced corrosion of carbon steel in oilfield injection water via electrochemical techniques and scanning electron microscopy
Giorgi-Pérez, A. M., Arboleda-Ordoñez, A. M., Villamizar-Suárez, W., Mendoza, M. C., Prada, R. J., Rincón‐Orozco, B., & Niño-Gómez, M. E. (2021) · Bioelectrochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107868 · Cited by 28
Ecological restoration performance enhanced by nano zero valent iron treatment in constructed wetlands under perfluorooctanoic acid stress
Qian, X., Huang, J., Yan, C., & Xiao, J. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157413 · Cited by 28
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in vitro colonization on plastics influenced by temperature and strain variability
Leighton, R., Velez, K. E. C., Xiong, L., Creech, A. G., Amirichetty, K. P., Anderson, G. K., Cai, G., Norman, R. S., & Decho, A. W. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1099502 · Cited by 27
Evaluating models and assessment techniques for understanding oral biofilm complexity
Ramachandra, S. S., Wright, P. P., Han, P., Abdal‐hay, A., Lee, R. S. B., & Ivanovski, S. (2023) · MicrobiologyOpen · doi:10.1002/mbo3.1377 · Cited by 27
Eucalyptol inhibits biofilm formation of Streptococcus pyogenes and its mediated virulence factors
Vijayakumar, K., Manigandan, V., Danaraj, J., Bharathidasan, V., Anandharaj, B., & Sathya, M. (2020) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001253 · Cited by 27
Low‐calorie synbiotic yoghurt from indigenous probiotic culture and combination of inulin and oligofructose: Improved sensory, rheological, and textural attributes
Chand, P., Kumar, M., Singh, A. K., Deshwal, G. K., Rao, P. S., Tomar, S. K., & Sharma, H. (2021) · Journal of Food Processing and Preservation · doi:10.1111/jfpp.15322 · Cited by 27
In situ role of extracellular polymeric substances in microbial electron transfer by Methylomonas sp. LW13
Wang, H., Zheng, Y., Zhu, B., & Zhao, F. (2021) · Fundamental Research · doi:10.1016/j.fmre.2021.07.009 · Cited by 27
Microalgal extract as bio-coating to enhance biofilm growth of marine microalgae on microporous membranes
Tong, C. Y., Chua, M. X., Tan, W. H., & Derek, C. J. C. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137712 · Cited by 27
Molecular characteristics of microalgal extracellular polymeric substances were different among phyla and correlated with the extracellular persistent free radicals
Liu, Y., Yang, F., Liu, S., Zhang, X., & Li, M. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159704 · Cited by 26
Biofilm Biology and Vaccine Strategies for Otitis Media Due to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
Novotny, L. A., Brockman, K. L., Mokrzan, E. M., Jurcisek, J. A., & Bakaletz, L. O. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1660818 · Cited by 24
Impact of operational conditions on drinking water biofilm dynamics and coliform invasion potential
Waegenaar, F., García‐Timermans, C., Landuyt, J. V., Gusseme, B. D., & Boon, N. (2024) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00042-24 · Cited by 25
Tolerances of Deinococcus geothermalis Biofilms and Planktonic Cells Exposed to Space and Simulated Martian Conditions in Low Earth Orbit for Almost Two Years
Panitz, C., Frösler, J., Wingender, J., Flemming, H., & Rettberg, P. (2019) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1913 · Cited by 25
Self-citation
PHBV cycle of life using waste as a starting point: from production to recyclability
García-Chumillas, S., Guerrero-Murcia, T., Nicolás-Liza, M., Monzó, F., Simica, A., Simó-Cabrera, L., & Martínez‐Espinosa, R. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Materials · doi:10.3389/fmats.2024.1405483 · Cited by 33
Regulation of Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation (Review)
Markova, Y. A., Витальевна, А. Е., Леонидовна, Т. А., Быбин, В. А., & Савилов, Е. Д. (2018) · Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology · doi:10.1134/s0003683818010040 · Cited by 24
Screening and Molecular Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing β-Glucan in Boza and Cider
Allaith, S. A., Abdelaziz, M. E., Thabit, Z. A., Altemimi, A. B., Ghany, K. A. E., Giuffrè, A. M., Al‐Manhel, A. J. A., Ebrahim, H. S., Mohamed, R. M., & Abedelmaksoud, T. G. (2022) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation8080350 · Cited by 24
Interactions between functionalised silica nanoparticles and Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm matrix: A focus on the protein corona
Barros, C. H. N., Fulaz, S. F., Vitale, S., Casey, E., & Quinn, L. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236441 · Cited by 24
Low Concentrations of Chlorhexidine Inhibit the Formation and Structural Integrity of Enzyme-Treated Multispecies Oral Biofilms
Gränicher, K. A., Karygianni, L., Attin, T., & Thurnheer, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.741863 · Cited by 23
Lactic acid bacteria in the meat industry: flavor, function, and food safety
Sivamaruthi, B. S., Kesika, P., Rafeek, S. B. S., Sivakumar, K., Ramasamy, S. P., Chaiaysut, C., Fukngoen, P., & Karthikeyan, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1703213 · Cited by 25
Evaluation of ecological impacts with ferrous iron addition in constructed wetland under perfluorooctanoic acid stress
Qian, X., Huang, J., Yan, C., Xiao, J., Cao, C., Wu, Y., & Wang, L. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134074 · Cited by 22
Genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster
Borlee, G. I., Plumley, B. A., Martin, K. H., Somprasong, N., Mangalea, M. R., Islam, M. N., Burtnick, M. N., Brett, P. J., Steinmetz, I., AuCoin, D. P., et al. (2017) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005689 · Cited by 22
Enterococcal-host interactions in the gastrointestinal tract and beyond
Madani, W. A. M., Ramos, Y., Cubillos‐Ruiz, J. R., & Morales, D. K. (2024) · FEMS Microbes · doi:10.1093/femsmc/xtae027 · Cited by 21
Biofilm detection in the food industry: Challenges in identifying biofilm eps markers and analytical techniques with insights for Listeria monocytogenes
Tuytschaever, T., Raes, K., & Sampers, I. (2025) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2025.111091 · Cited by 23
Bacterial streamers as colloidal systems: Five grand challenges
Ghosh, U. U., Ali, H., Ghosh, R. R., & Kumar, A. (2021) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.102 · Cited by 21
Interaction of Ca2+ and Fe3+ in co-precipitation process induced by Virgibacillus dokdonensis and its application
Yan, H., Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Jin, S., Han, Z., Woo, J., Tucker, M. E., Meng, L., Chi, X., Han, C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2023.10.014 · Cited by 21
A review of experimental Assessment Processes of material resistance to marine and freshwater biofouling
Hong, H., Lv, J., Deng, A., Tang, Y., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120766 · Cited by 21
Geographic imprint and ecological functions of the abiotic component of periphytic biofilms
Sun, P., Liu, Y., Sun, R., Wu, Y., & Dolfing, J. (2022) · iMeta · doi:10.1002/imt2.60 · Cited by 20
Biofilm Inhibitory Activity of Actinomycete-Synthesized AgNPs with Low Cytotoxic Effect: Experimental and In Silico Study
Abo-Elmaaty, S. A., Shati, A. A., Alfaifi, M. Y., Elbehairi, S. E. I., Sheraba, N. S., Hassan, M. G., Badawy, M. S. E. M., Ghareeb, A., Hamed, A. A., & Gabr, E. Z. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11010102 · Cited by 20
cis -DA-dependent dispersion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and identification of cis -DA-sensory protein DspS
Kalia, M., Amari, D. T., Davies, D. G., & Sauer, K. (2023) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02570-23 · Cited by 20
Interaction Between a Bacterivorous Ciliate Aspidisca cicada and a Rotifer Lecane inermis: Doozers and Fraggles in Aquatic Flocs
Walczyńska, A., Sobczyk, M., Fiałkowska, E., Pajdak‐Stós, A., Fyda, J., & Wiąckowski, K. (2017) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-017-1036-5 · Cited by 20
A Multiprotein Complex Anchors Adhesive Holdfast at the Outer Membrane of Caulobacter crescentus
Sulkowski, N., Hardy, G. G., Brun, Y. V., & Bharat, T. A. M. (2019) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00112-19 · Cited by 20
Francisella novicida and F. philomiragia biofilm features conditionning fitness in spring water and in presence of antibiotics
Siebert, C., Villers, C., Pavlou, G., Touquet, B., Yakandawala, N., Tardieux, I., & Renesto, P. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228591 · Cited by 20
Potential Activity of Albino Grifola frondosa Mushroom Extract against Biofilm of Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Fasciana, T., Gargano, M. L., Serra, N., Galia, E., Arrigo, I., Tricoli, M. R., Diquattro, O., Graceffa, G., Vieni, S., Venturella, G., et al. (2021) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof7070551 · Cited by 20
New trends in microbial gums production, patented technologies and applications in food industry
Martínez-Burgos, W. J., Ocán-Torres, D. Y., Manzoki, M. C., Scapini, T., de Mello, A. F. M., Pozzan, R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Vandenberghe, L. P. D. S., & Soccol, C. R. (2024) · Discover Food · doi:10.1007/s44187-024-00130-7 · Cited by 19
Microplastic removal in aquatic systems using extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microalgae
Hadiyanto, H., Khoironi, A., Dianratri, I., Joelyna, F. A., Christwardana, M., Sabhira, A. I., & Baihaqi, R. A. (2025) · Sustainable Environment · doi:10.1080/27658511.2025.2454756 · Cited by 21
Biofilm Signaling, Composition and Regulation in Burkholderia pseudomallei
Nyanasegran, P. K., Nathan, S., Firdaus‐Raih, M., Muhammad, N. A. N., & Ng, C. L. (2022) · Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.4014/jmb.2207.07032 · Cited by 19
Synergistic antibacterial effects of ultrasound combined nanoparticles encapsulated with cellulase and levofloxacin on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin biofilms
Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Yang, M., Hu, C., Liao, H., Li, D., & Du, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108064 · Cited by 19
Paraburkholderia tagetis sp. nov., a novel species isolated from roots of Tagetes patula enhances the growth and yield of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato)
Chhetri, G., Kim, I., Kim, J., So, Y., Park, S., Jung, Y., & Seo, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140484 · Cited by 19
Assessment of biofilm-forming capacity and multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from animal-source foods: implications for lactic acid bacteria intervention
Sharan, M., Dhaka, P., Bedi, J. S., Mehta, N. R., & Singh, R. K. (2024) · Annals of Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s13213-024-01768-5 · Cited by 18
Coupling electron bifurcation and interspecies electron transfer to mitigate ammonia and acids inhibition
James, A., Li, M., Mazarji, M., Li, A., Li, Y., & Pan, J. (2024) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2024.115166 · Cited by 19
Environmental Biofilms from an Urban Community in Salvador, Brazil, Shelter Previously Uncharacterized Saprophytic Leptospira
Ribeiro, P. D. S., Carvalho, N. B., Aburjaile, F. F., Sousa, T., Veríssimo, G. S. L., Gomes, T., Neves, F., Blanco, L., Lima, J. A., de Oliveira, D., et al. (2023) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-023-02253-3 · Cited by 18
Bacterial extracellular biopolymers: Eco-diversification, biosynthesis, technological development and commercial applications
Pandey, S., & Kannaujiya, V. K. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135261 · Cited by 18
Microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes as rising threats: Their interaction represents an urgent environmental concern
Hongjin, C., Rahman, S. U., Rehman, A. U., Khan, A. A., & Khalid, M. (2025) · Current Research in Microbial Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2025.100447 · Cited by 22
Exopolysaccharide composition and size in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius biofilms
Kuschmierz, L., Meyer, M., Bräsen, C., Wingender, J., Schmitz, O. J., & Siebers, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.982745 · Cited by 17
The Alginate and Motility Regulator AmrZ is Essential for the Regulation of the Dispersion Response by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms
Kalia, M., Resch, M. D., Cherny, K. E., & Sauer, K. (2022) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00505-22 · Cited by 17
Effect of exogenous acylhomoserine lactone 3-oxo-C14-HSL on the performance of biofilm in moving bed biofilm reactor
Li, Z., Li, J., Gong, W., Zhang, K., Wang, G., Xia, Y. L., Yu, M., Xie, W., Lu, Z., Cheng, X., et al. (2024) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105595 · Cited by 17
Microbial community shift under exposure of dredged sediments from a eutrophic bay
Nascimento, J. R., Easson, C., Jurelevicius, D. D. A., Lopez, J. V., Bidone, E. D., & Sabadini-Santos, E. (2020) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-020-08507-8 · Cited by 17
SagS and its unorthodox contributions to Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development
Park, S., & Sauer, K. (2021) · Biofilm · doi:10.1016/j.bioflm.2021.100059 · Cited by 17
Combating biofilm of ESKAPE pathogens from ancient plant-based therapy to modern nanotechnological combinations
Samreen, S., Roy, D. N., & Ahmad, I. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88480-8.00010-8 · Cited by 16
Characterization of Chilean hot spring-origin Staphylococcus sp. BSP3 produced exopolysaccharide as biological additive
Banerjee, S., Cabrera‐Barjas, G., Tapia, J., Fabi, J. P., Delattre, C., & Banerjee, A. (2024) · Natural Products and Bioprospecting · doi:10.1007/s13659-024-00436-0 · Cited by 16
A 3D soil-like nanostructured fabric for the development of bacterial biofilms for agricultural and environmental uses
Cesare, F. D., Mattia, E. D., Zussman, E., & Macagnano, A. (2020) · Environmental Science Nano · doi:10.1039/d0en00268b · Cited by 16
Water-polysaccharide interactions and their properties in freezing conditions
Marelli, F., Pontoriero, D., Antonini, C., & Tagliaro, I. (2025) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124138 · Cited by 17
Natural brominated phenoxyphenols kill persistent and biofilm-incorporated cells of MRSA and other pathogenic bacteria
van Geelen, L., Kaschani, F., Sazzadeh, S. S., Adeniyi, E. T., Meier, D., Proksch, P., Pfeffer, K., Kaiser, M., Ioerger, T. R., & Kalscheuer, R. (2020) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-020-10654-4 · Cited by 14
Epiphytic microbiome associated with intertidal seaweeds in the Mediterranean Sea: comparative analysis of bacterial communities across seaweed phyla
Nahor, O., Israel, A. A., Barger, N., Rubin‐Blum, M., & Luzzatto‐Knaan, T. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-69362-y · Cited by 15
Methodological challenges for the investigation of the dual role of biofilms on outdoor heritage
Berti, L., Villa, F., Toniolo, L., Cappitelli, F., & Goidanich, S. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176450 · Cited by 15
Biodiversity from caves and other sub-terranean habitats of Georgia, USA
Zigler, K. S., Niemiller, M. L., Stephen, C. D. R., Ayala, B. N., Milne, M. A., Gladstone, N. S., Engel, A. S., Jensen, J. B., Camp, C. D., Ozier, J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Cave and Karst Studies · doi:10.4311/2019lsc0125 · Cited by 17
Risk factor-based clustering of Listeria monocytogenes in food processing environments using principal component analysis
Nogueira, R. A., Cabo, M. L., García-Sanmartín, L., Sánchez‐Ruiloba, L., & Rodríguez-Herrera, J. J. (2023) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112989 · Cited by 14
Recent advances in peptoids as promising antimicrobial agents to target diverse microbial species
Gao, Y., Cui, J., Cao, S., Guo, J., Liu, Z., & Long, S. (2024) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116982 · Cited by 14
Biofilm-mediated infections; novel therapeutic approaches and harnessing artificial intelligence for early detection and treatment of biofilm-associated infections
Habib, M. B., Batool, G., Shah, N. A., Muhammad, T., Akbar, N. S., & Shahid, A. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107497 · Cited by 16
The effect of long‐term aerial exposure on intertidal mudflat erodibility
Nguyen, H. M., Bryan, K. R., & Pilditch, C. A. (2020) · Earth Surface Processes and Landforms · doi:10.1002/esp.4990 · Cited by 14
Fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy together with molecular simulations reveal amphiphilic characteristics of a Burkholderia biofilm exopolysaccharide
Kuttel, M. M., Cescutti, P., Distefano, M., & Rizzo, R. (2017) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m117.785048 · Cited by 13
Antibiofilm Efficacy of Polihexanide, Octenidine and Sodium Hypochlorite/Hypochlorous Acid Based Wound Irrigation Solutions against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a Multispecies Biofilm
Salisbury, A., Mullin, M., Chen, R., & Percival, S. L. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/5584_2021_645 · Cited by 13
Modification of material surface to regulate biofilm formation
Kumar, S., Dey, V., & Roy, D. N. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88480-8.00008-x · Cited by 13
Assessment of biofilm changes and concentration-depth profiles during arsenopyrite oxidation by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans
Ramírez-Aldaba, H., Vázquez-Arenas, J. G., Sosa-Rodríguez, F. S., Valdez‐Pérez, D., Ruiz‐Baca, E., García-Meza, J. V., Trejo, G., & Lara, R. H. (2017) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-017-9619-8 · Cited by 13
Pseudomonas aeruginosa variants obtained from veterinary clinical samples reveal a role for cyclic di-GMP in biofilm formation and colony morphology
Brock, M. T., Fedderly, G. C., Borlee, G. I., Russell, M. M., Filipowska, L. K., Hyatt, D. R., Ferris, R. A., & Borlee, B. R. (2017) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.000541 · Cited by 13
Microbiome of Drinking Water Distribution Systems
Mathieu, L., Paris, T., & Block, J. C. (2019) · Advances in environmental microbiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16775-2_9 · Cited by 13
Microbial community activity in response to multiple contaminant exposure: a feasible tool for sediment quality assessment
Nascimento, J. R., Silveira, A. E. F., Bidone, E. D., & Sabadini-Santos, E. (2019) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-019-7532-y · Cited by 13
Deep-sea microbially influenced corrosion and biomineralization
Ge, Y., Wang, C., Etim, I. N., Khan, S., Li, C., Yang, L., Liu, J., Yi, P., Liu, J., Sand, W., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1605909 · Cited by 12
Tryptone in Growth Media Enhances Pseudomonas putida Biofilm
Puhm, M., Ainelo, H., Kivisaar, M., & Teras, R. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10030618 · Cited by 12
Effects of phenyl acids on different degradation phases during thermophilic anaerobic digestion
Prem, E. M., Schwarzenberger, A., Markt, R., & Wagner, A. O. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1087043 · Cited by 13
Effect of Magnesium and Ferric Ions on the Biomineralization of Calcium Carbonate Induced by Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Zhao, H. C., Han, Y., Liang, M., Han, Z., Woo, J., Meng, L., Chi, X., Tucker, M. E., Han, C., Zhao, Y., et al. (2023) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min13121486 · Cited by 12
A Metabolomics Approach to Establish the Relationship between the Techno-Functional Properties and Metabolome of Indian Goat Yoghurt
Rehman, H., Saipriya, K., Singh, A. K., Singh, R., Meena, G. S., Khetra, Y., & Sharma, H. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13060913 · Cited by 12
Enhancing effects and mechanisms by reductive iron on constructed wetland with perfluorooctanoic acid exposure: Comparison between zero-valent and ferrous iron
Qian, X., Huang, J., Wu, Y., Cao, C., Yan, C., & Xiao, J. (2024) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2024.113519 · Cited by 12
Mutation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasI/rhlI diminishes its cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis on THP-1 macrophages
Ren, Y., You, X., Zhu, R., Li, D., Wang, C., He, Z., Hu, Y., Li, Y., Liu, X., & Li, Y. (2024) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.04146-23 · Cited by 12
Effect of Increased Influent COD on Relieving the Toxicity of CeO2 NPs on Aerobic Granular Sludge
Zheng, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, W., Wang, W., Xu, H., Shao, X., Yang, M., Xu, Z. B., & Zhu, L. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16193609 · Cited by 12
Pseudomonas taiwanensis biofilms for continuous conversion of cyclohexanone in drip flow and rotating bed reactors
Heuschkel, I., Hanisch, S., Volke, D. C., Lofgren, E. A., Hoschek, A., Nikel, P. I., Karande, R., & Bühler, K. (2021) · Engineering in Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/elsc.202000072 · Cited by 12
Unraveling disparate roles of organisms, from plants to bacteria, and viruses on built cultural heritage
Sanmartín, P., Bosch-Roig, P., Pangallo, D., Kraková, L., & Serrano, M. (2023) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-023-12423-5 · Cited by 12
Effect of high temperature toward microalgal organic matter and its impact toward membrane distillation application
Cheah, Y. T., Singh, H. K. K. A. P. L., & Chan, D. J. C. (2021) · Water Environment Research · doi:10.1002/wer.1515 · Cited by 12
Mechanisms of denitrifying granular sludge disintegration and calcium ion-enhanced re-granulation in acidic wastewater treatment
Lv, Y., Wang, Y., Dong, J., Miao, R., Wang, X., Chen, X., & Wang, L. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121794 · Cited by 11
Response and recovery of nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor systems exposed to 1°C with varying levels of ammonia starvation
Ren, Y., Oleszkiewicz, J. A., Uyaguari, M., & Devlin, T. R. (2024) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2024.122026 · Cited by 10
Fundamental understanding of microbiologically influenced corrosion inhibition via biomineralization: A critical review
Lv, M., Du, M., Zhao, X., & Du, Y. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2025.2469860 · Cited by 11
Bacterial Biofilm Development and Its Relationship with Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Jaml, N. L., Hafez, R. M., Khalil, M. S., & Moussa, T. A. A. (2025) · Stresses · doi:10.3390/stresses5030058 · Cited by 12
Genome analysis and 2’-fucosyllactose utilization characteristics of a new Akkermansia muciniphila strain isolated from mice feces
Gao, W., Xiao, M., Gu, Z., Fu, X., Ren, X., Yu, Y., Liu, Z., Zhu, C., Kong, Q., & Mou, H. (2022) · Molecular Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1007/s00438-022-01937-8 · Cited by 10
Antimicrobial Activity of Sertraline on Listeria monocytogenes
Wang, Y., Li, L., Cai, P., Olsen, R. H., Peng, S., & Meng, H. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24054678 · Cited by 10
The Current Status of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by Burkholderia pseudomallei
Mangalea, M. R., Borlee, G. I., & Borlee, B. R. (2017) · Current Tropical Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40475-017-0118-2 · Cited by 10
The Importance of Biofilms to the Fate and Effects of Microplastics
Glaser, J. A. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.92816 · Cited by 11
The application of microbial extracellular polymeric substances in food industry
Widyaningrum, D., & Meindrawan, B. (2020) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/426/1/012181 · Cited by 11
Removal of eDNA from fabrics using a novel laundry DNase revealed using high-resolution imaging
Yau, H. C. L., Malekpour, A. K., Momin, N. G., Morales‐Garcia, A. L., Willats, W. G. T., Lant, N. J., & Tétard‐Jones, C. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98939-0 · Cited by 9
Organic matter influence on ooid formation: New insights into classic examples (Great Salt Lake, USA ; Triassic Germanic Basin, Germany)
Pei, Y., Suárez-González, P., Duda, J., & Joachim Reitner, A. (2024) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/sed.13179 · Cited by 9
Antibiotic resistance at environmental multi-media interfaces through integrated genotype and phenotype analysis
Fu, C.-X., Chen, C., Xiang, Q., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Qi, F.-Y., Zhu, D., Li, H.-Z., Li, C., Hong, W., et al. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136160 · Cited by 9
Bioprospecting of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for boosting biofuel-related products production based on novel aggregation-induced emission active extracellular polymeric substances nanoprobes
Wang, Y., Hu, Y., Mo, J., Wong, T. Y., Liu, J., Parodi, A., Tang, B. Z., Wang, W., & Yan, N. (2024) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130636 · Cited by 9
The Ability of a Concentrated Surfactant Gel to Reduce an Aerobic, Anaerobic and Multispecies Bacterial Biofilm In Vitro
Salisbury, A., Mullin, M., Foulkes, L., Chen, R., & Percival, S. L. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/5584_2020_609 · Cited by 9
Multifrequency STD NMR Unveils the Interactions of Antibiotics With Burkholderia multivorans Biofilm Exopolysaccharide
Nepravishta, R., Monaco, S., Distefano, M., Rizzo, R., Cescutti, P., & Angulo, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.727980 · Cited by 9
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Bacterial Biofilm Formation
Yang, H., Xu, F., Zheng, X., Yang, S., Ren, Z., & Yang, J. (2022) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/1530525 · Cited by 9
Ecological responses of periphyton dry mass and epilithic diatom community structure for different atrazine and temperature scenarios
Chakandinakira, A. T., Mwedzi, T., Tarakini, T., & Bere, T. (2019) · Water SA · doi:10.17159/wsa/2019.v45.i4.7539 · Cited by 9
Enhanced physicochemical, rheological and antioxidant properties of highly succinylated succinoglycan exopolysaccharides obtained through succinic anhydride esterification reaction
Kim, K., Jeong, J., Park, S., Park, S.-I., & Jung, S. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140007 · Cited by 8
sRNA-enriched outer membrane vesicles of Vibrio alginolyticus: Decisive architects of biofilm assembly
Xiu, L., Li, Q., Tian, Q., Li, Y., Pengsakul, T., Lin, G., Yan, Q., & Huang, L. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146102 · Cited by 10
Antimycobacterial, antibiofilm and efflux pump inhibitory activity of extracts from selected Combretum species used in traditional medicine in Zimbabwe
Chikafa, S. N., CHi Godloves, F. R. U., & Mukanganyama, S. (2023) · Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13596-023-00711-4 · Cited by 8
Biofilm formation and EPS production enhances the bioremediation potential of Pseudomonas species: a novel study from eutrophic waters of Dal lake, Kashmir, India
Zaffar, R., Nazir, R., Rather, M. A., & Dar, R. (2024) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-023-03817-0 · Cited by 8

Authors: Flemming, H.-C.
Affiliations: Nanyang Technological University (SG)
Corresponding author: Flemming, Hans-Curt
ORCID: Flemming, Hans-Curt
Venue: Microorganisms
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2016-11-18
Volume: 4
Issue: 4
Pages: 41
ISSN: 2076-2607 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4040041
PMC: PMC5192524
OpenAlex: W2557171271
Cited by: 374
References: 96
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 12
FWCI: 1.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Microorganisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Keywords: extracellular polymeric substances, slime, biofilm, biofilm matrix, polysaccharides, extracellular proteins, extracellular nucleic acids, extracellular lipids, antimicrobial tolerance, Ernst Haeckel

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

EPS—Then and Now

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks