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Cited by 101Mycobacterium research and diagnosisInfections and bacterial resistanceActinomycetales infections and treatment

Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: Molecular and Physiological Bases of Virulence and Adaptation to Ecological Niches

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Pereira, André C., Ramos, Beatriz, Reis, Ana C., Cunha, Mónica V.·2020·Microorganisms
DOI 10.3390/microorganisms8091380PMC PMC7563442
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Abstract

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are paradigmatic colonizers of the total environment, circulating at the interfaces of the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere. Their striking adaptive ecology on the interconnection of multiple spheres results from the combination of several biological features related to their exclusive hydrophobic and lipid-rich impermeable cell wall, transcriptional regulation signatures, biofilm phenotype, and symbiosis with protozoa. This unique blend of traits is reviewed in this work, with highlights to the prodigious plasticity and persistence hallmarks of NTM in a wide diversity of environments, from extreme natural milieus to microniches in the human body. Knowledge on the taxonomy, evolution, and functional diversity of NTM is updated, as well as the molecular and physiological bases for environmental adaptation, tolerance to xenobiotics, and infection biology in the human and non-human host. The complex interplay between individual, species-specific and ecological niche traits contributing to NTM resilience across ecosystems are also explored. This work hinges current understandings of NTM, approaching their biology and heterogeneity from several angles and reinforcing the complexity of these microorganisms often associated with a multiplicity of diseases, including pulmonary, soft-tissue, or milliary. In addition to emphasizing the cornerstones of knowledge involving these bacteria, we identify research gaps that need to be addressed, stressing out the need for decision-makers to recognize NTM infection as a public health issue that has to be tackled, especially when considering an increasingly susceptible elderly and immunocompromised population in developed countries, as well as in low- or middle-income countries, where NTM infections are still highly misdiagnosed and neglected.

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  • M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 was initially demonstrated to break down low-molecular-weight compounds such as 4-ring pyrene.

    “M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 was initially demonstrated to break down low-molecular-weight compounds such as 4-ring pyrene [276].”

    From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [276]

    Section 3.6 reports that M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 can mineralize pyrene and describes later work on its pyrene-degradation pathway. It does not classify pyrene as low-molecular-weight or establish that pyrene breakdown was what was initially demonstrated; the passage instead says the strain was first isolated in 1988. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Pereira, A. C., Ramos, B., Reis, A. C., & Cunha, M. V.
Affiliations
University of Lisbon (PT)
Corresponding author
Cunha, Mónica V.
ORCID
Venue
Microorganisms
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-09-09
Volume
8
Issue
9
Pages
1380
ISSN
2076-2607 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/microorganisms8091380
PMC
PMC7563442
OpenAlex
W3084219653
Cited by
101
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 10
FWCI
1.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Microorganisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (POCI-01-0145- FEDER029783, PTDC/CVT/117794/2010, UIDB/00329/2020, UID/Multi/04046/2020, PD/BD/128031/2016, SFRH/BD/136557/2018)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Infections and bacterial resistance
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology › Actinomycetales infections and treatment
Keywords
nontuberculous mycobacteria, virulence factors, environmental adaptation, ecological niche, cell wall hydrophobicity, biofilm phenotype, xenobiotic tolerance, pulmonary NTM infection

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