The DOI matches its Crossref record; 104 of the 107 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Role of Carotenoids in Human Skin
Open accessAbstract
The human skin, as the boundary organ between the human body and the environment, is under the constant influence of free radicals (FR), both from the outside in and from the inside out. Carotenoids are known to be powerful antioxidant substances playing an essential role in the reactions of neutralization of FR (mainly reactive oxygen species ROS). Carotenoid molecules present in the tissue are capable of neutralizing several attacks of FR, especially ROS, and are then destroyed. Human skin contains carotenoids, such as α-, γ-, β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene and their isomers, which serve the living cells as a protection against oxidation. Recent studies have reported the possibility to investigate carotenoids in human skin quickly and non-invasively by spectroscopic means. Results obtained from in-vivo studies on human skin have shown that carotenoids are vital components of the antioxidative protective system of the human skin and could serve as marker substances for the overall antioxidative status. Reflecting the nutritional and stress situation of volunteers, carotenoids must be administered by means of antioxidant-rich products, e.g., in the form of fruit and vegetables. Carotenoids are degraded by stress factors of any type, inter alia, sun radiation, contact with environmental hazards, illness, etc. The kinetics of the accumulation and degradation of carotenoids in the skin have been investigated.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The content of carotenoids in human skin varies, with the highest levels observed in parts of the body with high concentrations of sweat and sebaceous glands (e.g., the forehead and hands).”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [229]
In the citing paper
“In the human body, carotenoids mainly accumulate in lipid tissue cells and the liver.”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [229]
In the citing paper
“The total content of carotenoids in the skin is influenced by numerous factors, such as the intake of fruits and vegetables, their bioavailability from various foods, supplementation, exposure to UV radiation, air pollution, alcohol consumption, smoking and stress [220,229].”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [229]
In the citing paper
“They are also present in the horny layer of the epidermis, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy.”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [229]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease
Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M. T. D., Mazur, M., & Telser, J. (2007) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001 · Cited by 14,269
Free Radicals in the Physiological Control of Cell Function
Dröge, W. (2002) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2001 · Cited by 9,855
The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI
Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1988) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1988.01670060015008 · Cited by 4,339
Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher
Mascio, P. D., Kaiser, S., & Sies, H. (1989) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(89)90467-0 · Cited by 2,238
Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence
Valko, M., Izakovic, M., Mazur, M., Rhodes, C. J., & Telser, J. (2004) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/b:mcbi.0000049134.69131.89 · Cited by 1,820
Biochemistry of oxidative stress
Halliwell, B. B. (2007) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0351147 · Cited by 1,591
Carotenoid actions and their relation to health and disease
Krinsky, N. I., & Johnson, E. J. (2005) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2005.10.001 · Cited by 1,461
Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Skin Disease
Bickers, D. R., & Athar, M. (2006) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700340 · Cited by 1,092
Bioactivity and protective effects of natural carotenoids
Stahl, W., & Sies, H. (2004) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.12.006 · Cited by 898
Caspers, P. J., Bruining, H. A., Puppels, G. J., Lucassen, G. W., & Carter, E. A. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01258.x · Cited by 880
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 107 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Darvin, 2004, Noninvasive detection of beta-carotene and lycopene in human skin using Raman spectroscopy, Laser Phys., 14, 231
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Potential Role of Carotenoids as Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease
Fiedor, J., & Burda, K. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6020466 · Cited by 1,420
Plant-Derived Antioxidants: Significance in Skin Health and the Ageing Process
Michalak, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23020585 · Cited by 460
Carotenoids from Marine Organisms: Biological Functions and Industrial Applications
Galasso, C., Corinaldesi, C., & Sansone, C. (2017) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox6040096 · Cited by 442
Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review
Michalak, M., Pierzak, M., Kręcisz, B., & Suliga, E. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010203 · Cited by 345
Meléndez‐Martínez, A. J., Stinco, C. M., & Mapelli‐Brahm, P. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11051093 · Cited by 246
Metadata
- Authors
- Darvin, M. E., Sterry, W., Lademann, J., & Vergou, T.
- Affiliations
- Stiftung Charité (DE)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Darvin, Maxim E.
- Venue
- Molecules
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2011-12-16
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 10491-10506
- ISSN
- 1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6264659
- OpenAlex
- W2063103327
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- carotenoids, human skin, antioxidants, free radicals, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, carotene, carotenoid degradation, solar radiation, dietary carotenoids
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
