Cited by 1,426Plant-Microbe Interactions and ImmunityAgriculture, Plant Science, Crop ManagementLegume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis

Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Agricultural Sustainability—A Review

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Vejan, Pravin, Abdullah, Rosazlin, Khadiran, Tumirah, Ismail, Salmah, Nasrulhaq Boyce, Amru·2016·Molecules

Abstract

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) shows an important role in the sustainable agriculture industry. The increasing demand for crop production with a significant reduction of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides use is a big challenge nowadays. The use of PGPR has been proven to be an environmentally sound way of increasing crop yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or indirect mechanism. The mechanisms of PGPR include regulating hormonal and nutritional balance, inducing resistance against plant pathogens, and solubilizing nutrients for easy uptake by plants. In addition, PGPR show synergistic and antagonistic interactions with microorganisms within the rhizosphere and beyond in bulk soil, which indirectly boosts plant growth rate. There are many bacteria species that act as PGPR, described in the literature as successful for improving plant growth. However, there is a gap between the mode of action (mechanism) of the PGPR for plant growth and the role of the PGPR as biofertilizer—thus the importance of nano-encapsulation technology in improving the efficacy of PGPR. Hence, this review bridges the gap mentioned and summarizes the mechanism of PGPR as a biofertilizer for agricultural sustainability.

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  • Bacillus growth-promoting effects can be direct, such as siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, phytohormone production, and nutrient solubilization, or indirect, such as production of exopolysaccharides, hydrogen cyanide and lytic enzymes, and biofilm formation.

    “Growth-promoting effects can be direct, such as the siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, phytohormone production, and nutrient solubilization, or indirect such, as the production of exopolysaccharides, hydrogen cyanide and lytic enzymes, and biofilm formation [7,8].”

    From Soy Molasses as Culture Medium for Bacillus Species Aiming at Plant Growth Promotion (2024) · cites this paper as [8]

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  1. [91]Jackson M.B. Ethylene in root growth and development The Plant Hormone Ethylene Matoo A.K. Suttle J.C. CRC Press Boca Raton, FL, USA 1991 159 181

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Authors
Vejan, P., Abdullah, R., Khadiran, T., Ismail, S., & Nasrulhaq Boyce, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Malaya (MY)
  • Forest Research Institute Malaysia (MY)
  • Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Corresponding author
Abdullah, Rosazlin
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2016-04-29
Volume
21
Issue
5
Pages
573
ISSN
1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2342623340
Cited by
1,426
References
124
Citations by year
2026: 139 · 2025: 145 · 2024: 207 · 2023: 189 · 2022: 189 · 2021: 204 · 2020: 140 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 3
FWCI
6.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Universiti Malaya
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
Keywords
plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, biofertilizers, sustainable agriculture, plant hormone regulation, nutrient solubilization, nanoencapsulation, crop yield
MeSH terms
Agriculture, Soil Microbiology, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Plant Roots, Rhizosphere, Plant Development

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