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Cited by 180Therapeutic Uses of Natural ElementsZeolite Catalysis and SynthesisClay minerals and soil interactions

Zeolite Clinoptilolite: Therapeutic Virtues of an Ancient Mineral

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Mastinu, Andrea, Kumar, Amit, Maccarinelli, Giuseppina, Bonini, Sara Anna, Premoli, Marika, Aria, Francesca, Gianoncelli, Alessandra, Memo, Maurizio·2019·Molecules
DOI 10.3390/molecules24081517PMC PMC6515299
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Abstract

Zeolites are porous minerals with high absorbency and ion-exchange capacity. Their molecular structure is a dense network of AlO4 and SiO4 that generates cavities where water and other polar molecules or ions are inserted/exchanged. Even though there are several synthetic or natural occurring species of zeolites, the most widespread and studied is the naturally occurring zeolite clinoptilolite (ZC). ZC is an excellent detoxifying, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. As a result, it is been used in many industrial applications ranging from environmental remediation to oral applications/supplementation in vivo in humans as food supplements or medical devices. Moreover, the modification as micronization of ZC (M-ZC) or tribomechanically activated zeolite clinoptilolite (TMAZ) or furthermore as double tribomechanically activated zeolite clinoptilolite (PMA-ZC) allows improving its benefits in preclinical and clinical models. Despite its extensive use, many underlying action mechanisms of ZC in its natural or modified forms are still unclear, especially in humans. The main aim of this review is to shed light on the geochemical aspects and therapeutic potentials of ZC with a vision of endorsing further preclinical and clinical research on zeolites, in specific on the ZC and its modified forms as a potential agent for promoting human brain health and overall well-being.

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  • Clinoptilolite acts on intestinal lymphoid tissues with a positive impact on the intestinal ecosystem and boosts the immune system.

    “this natural zeolite acts on intestinal lymphoid tissues with a positive impact on the intestinal ecosystem and boosts the immune system (Mastinu et al. 2019).”

    From Fundamental properties and sustainable applications of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite (2024) · cites this paper as Mastinu et al. 2019

    Section 3.3 discusses a possible action of activated clinoptilolite on intestinal lymphoid tissues, but describes the proposed immune mechanism as a hypothesis supported by lymphocyte stimulation demonstrated only in vitro. Its statement about improving the intestinal ecosystem and boosting the immune system refers to metabolites released by probiotics, not a demonstrated effect of clinoptilolite itself. The claim presents these proposed and distinct effects as established effects of clinoptilolite. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Clinoptilolite improves the physical fitness and efficiency of farm animals by removing harmful substances from the body including ammonia, nitrates, mycotoxins, and other toxins.

    “The role of clinoptilolite has been recognized in zootechnics and veterinary medicine since it is able to improve the physical fitness and efficiency of farm animals by removing numerous harmful substances from the body including ammonia, nitrates, mycotoxins, and other toxins.”

    From Fundamental properties and sustainable applications of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite (2024) · cites this paper as Mastinu et al. 2019

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Mastinu, A., Kumar, A., Maccarinelli, G., Bonini, S. A., Premoli, M., Aria, F., Gianoncelli, A., & Memo, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Brescia (IT)
  • Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Corresponding author
Mastinu, Andrea
ORCID
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-04-17
Volume
24
Issue
8
Pages
1517
ISSN
1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/molecules24081517
PMC
PMC6515299
OpenAlex
W2936466437
Cited by
180
References
7
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 2
FWCI
4.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Petrus och Augusta Hedlunds Stiftelse
  • Karolinska Institutet
  • Università degli Studi di Brescia
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Therapeutic Uses of Natural Elements
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Clay minerals and soil interactions
Keywords
clinoptilolite, zeolites, detoxification, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, dietary supplements, zeolite modification, brain health, well-being, therapeutic mechanisms
MeSH terms
Humans, Zeolites, Dietary Supplements

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