Chemical Composition of a Novel Distillate from Fermented Mixture of Nine Anti-Inflammatory Herbs and Its UVB-Protective Efficacy in Mouse Dorsal Skin via Attenuating Collagen Disruption and Inflammation
Open accessAbstract
Since ancient times, various herbs have been used in Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan, for wound healing and antiaging of the skin. In this study, we manufactured and chemically analyzed a novel distillate obtained from a fermented mixture of nine anti-inflammatory herbs (Angelica gigas, Lonicera japonica, Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., D. opposita Thunb., Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon Aschers., Xanthium strumarium L., Cnidium officinale, and Houttuynia cordata Thunb.). The fermentation of natural plants possesses beneficial effects in living systems. These activities are attributed to the chemical conversion of the parent plants to functional constituents which show more potent biological activities. In our current study, the distillate has been manufactured after fermenting the nine oriental medical plants with Lactobacillus fermentum, followed by distilling. We analyzed the chemical ingredients involved in the distillate and evaluated the effects of topical application of the distillate on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Topical application of the distillate significantly ameliorated the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the dorsal skin against photodamage induced by UVB radiation. Additionally, our current results showed that topical application of the distillate alleviated collagen disruption and reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 β expressions) in the dorsal skin against UVB radiation. Taken together, our current findings suggest that the distillate has a potential to be used as a material to develop a photoprotective adjuvant.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Fermented mixture of Angelica gigas, Lonicera japonica, Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., D. opposita Thunb., Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon Aschers., Xanthium strumarium L., Cnidium officinale, and Houttuynia cordata Thunb. with Lactobacillus fermentum has protection against UVB-induced damage and anti-inflammatory properties.
“Angelica gigas, Lonicera japonica, Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., D. opposita Thunb., Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon Aschers., Xanthium strumarium L., Cnidium officinale, Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Lactobacillus fermentum Protection against UVB-induced damage, anti-inflammatory [161]”
From Use of Waste from the Food Industry and Applications of the Fermentation Process to Create Sustainable Cosmetic Products: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [161]
Preparation of the Distillate (§4.1) confirms that the nine herbs were fermented with Lactobacillus fermentum, but the product tested was a distillate of that mixture. The Results (§2.2) and Discussion (§3) report protection against UVB skin damage and reduced inflammatory markers after topical application of the distillate to mice; they do not establish those effects for the fermented mixture itself. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Comparative genomics of the lactic acid bacteria.
Makarova, K., Slesarev, A., Wolf, Y., Sorokin, A., Mirkin, B., Koonin, E., Pavlov, A., Pavlova, N., Karamychev, V., Polouchine, N., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0607117103 · Cited by 1,391 · see citing works
Self-citationPillai, S., Oresajo, C., & Hayward, J. (2005) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00241.x · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Modulation of Skin Collagen Metabolism in Aged and Photoaged Human Skin In Vivo
Chung, J. H., Seo, J. Y., Choi, H. R., Lee, M. K., Youn, C. S., Rhie, G., Cho, K. H., Kim, K. H., Park, K. C., & Eun, H. C. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01544.x · Cited by 410 · see citing works
The UV response of the skin: a review of the MAPK, NFκB and TNFα signal transduction pathways
Muthusamy, V., & Piva, T. J. (2010) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-009-0994-y · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The nature of photoaging: its prevention and repair.
Kligman, L. H., & Kligman, A. M. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Multifaceted pathways protect human skin from UV radiation
Natarajan, V. T., Ganju, P., Ramkumar, A., Grover, R., & Gokhale, R. S. (2014) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.1548 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Plant extracts and natural compounds used against UVB-induced photoaging
Cavinato, M., Waltenberger, B., Baraldo, G., Grade, C. V. C., Stuppner, H., & Jansen-Dürr, P. (2017) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-017-9715-7 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Dietary compound ellagic acid alleviates skin wrinkle and inflammation induced by UV‐B irradiation
Bae, J., Choi, J., Kang, S., Lee, Y., Park, J., & Kang, Y. (2010) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01044.x · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationSubedi, L., Lee, T. H., Wahedi, H. M., Baek, S.-H., & Kim, S. Y. (2017) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2017/8379539 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationShingnaisui, K., Dey, T., Manna, P., & Kalita, J. (2018) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.038 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Naghmouchi, K., Belguesmia, Y., Bendali, F., Spano, G., Seal, B. S., & Drider, D. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2019.1688250 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Role of probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum KKL1 in the preparation of a rice based fermented beverage
Ghosh, K., Ray, M., Adak, A., Halder, S. K., Das, A., Jana, A., Parua (Mondal), S., Vágvölgyi, C., Das Mohapatra, P. K., Pati, B. R., et al. (2015) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.130 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Kang, O., Choi, J., Lee, J. H., & Kwon, D. (2010) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules15010385 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, J., Zhao, J., Liu, H., Zhou, L., Liu, Z. L., Wang, J., Han, J., Yu, Z., & Yang, F. (2010) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules15096411 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Ågren, M. S., Schnabel, R., Christensen, L. H., & Mirastschijski, U. (2014) · European Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.10.001 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Wound repair and anti-inflammatory potential of Lonicera japonica in excision wound-induced rats
Chen, W.-C., Liou, S., Tzeng, T., Lee, S., & Liu, I.-M. (2012) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-226 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Kim, M., Oh, G., Kim, M., & Hwang, J. (2013) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.12061 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Zhang, N., Liang, T., Jin, Q., Shen, C., Zhang, Y., & Jing, P. (2019) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.016 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Jeong, J. B., Ju, S. Y., Park, J. H., Lee, J. R., Yun, K. W., Kwon, S. T., Lim, J., Chung, G. Y., & Jeong, H. J. (2009) · Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.canep.2009.04.010 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationSynthesis and Biological Activities of Thio-avarol Derivatives
Pejin, B., Iodice, C., Tommonaro, G., & Rosa, S. D. (2008) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/np800318m · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Divya, S. P., Wang, X., Pratheeshkumar, P., Son, Y., Roy, R. V., Kim, D., Dai, J., Hitron, J. A., Wang, L., Asha, P., et al. (2015) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Hwa, C., Bauer, E. A., & Cohen, D. E. (2011) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2012.01460.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Hwang, B., Noh, E., Kim, J., Kim, J., You, Y., Hwang, J., Kwon, K., & Lee, Y. (2013) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.12137 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Kim, I., Park, Y.-M., Won, J., Jung, H., Park, H.-J., Choi, J., & Lee, K. (2005) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.28.94 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ahn, J. H., Kim, D. W., Park, C. W., Kim, B., Sim, H., Kim, H. S., Lee, T.-K., Lee, J., Yang, G. E., Her, Y., et al. (2020) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md18070345 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationBeer and beer compounds: physiological effects on skin health
Chen, W., Becker, T. M., Qian, F., & Ring, J. (2013) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.12204 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Magcwebeba, T., Swart, P., Swanevelder, S. A., Joubert, E., & Gelderblom, W. C. A. (2016) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules21101323 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation: Definitions and Terminology
Matts, P. J. (2006) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2005.08.004 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
In vitro measurement of the ultraviolet protection factor of apparel textiles
Algaba, I. M., & Riva, A. (2002) · Coloration Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.2002.tb00137.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Park, E. J., Kim, J., Jeong, M. S., Park, K. Y., Park, K. H., Lee, M. W., Joo, S. S., & Seo, S. J. (2015) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.12.005 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Clove attenuates UVB-induced photodamage and repairs skin barrier function in hairless mice
Hwang, E., Lin, P., Ngo, H. T. T., & Yi, T. (2018) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c8fo00843d · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory properties of rose oxide
Nonato, F. R., Santana, D. G., de Melo, F. M., dos Santos, G. G. L., Brustolim, D., Camargo, E. A., de Sousa, D. P., Soares, M. B. P., & Villarreal, C. F. (2012) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2012.10.015 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Her, Y., Shin, B. N., Lee, Y. L., Park, J. H., Kim, D. W., Kim, K. S., Kim, H., Song, M., Kim, J.-D., Won, M., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20061435 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationHibiscus rosa sinensis Linn – ‘‘Rudrapuspa'': A Review
Jadhav, V. M., Thorat, R. M., Kadam, V. J., & Sathe, N. (2009) · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Choi, S., Choi, S., Jung, T., Cho, B., Lee, J. H., Kim, S., Yoon, S., Ham, Y., Yoon, W., Cho, J., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18102052 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationHwang, J. E., Kim, K., & Paik, H. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24183359 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory effects of fermented and non-fermented Sophora flavescens: a comparative study
Han, C., Wei, H., & Guo, J. (2011) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-100 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bhatt, P., & Patwardhan, J. (2015) · Pharmacognosy Magazine · doi:10.4103/0973-1296.168979 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Ok, S., Oh, S., Jung, T.-S., Jeon, S.-O., Jung, J.-W., & Ryu, D. (2018) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2018/2450712 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Choi, M., Yi, J. K., Kim, S.-Y., Ryu, J. H., Lee, J., Kwon, W., Jang, S., Kim, D., Kim, M.-O., Kim, H., et al. (2019) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12906-019-2767-2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of Oenanthe Javanica Extract on Antioxidant Enzyme in the Rat Liver
Lee, C. H., Park, J.-H., Cho, J.-H., Kim, I., Ahn, J., Lee, J., Chen, B. H., Shin, B. N., Tae, H., Bae, E. J., et al. (2015) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/0366-6999.158363 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationPark, T. H., Lee, S., Amatya, R., Maharjan, P., Kim, H.-J., Park, W. S., Ahn, M., Kim, S. Y., Moon, C., Cheong, H., et al. (2020) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2020.05.007 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationAmigó, M., Terencio, M. C., Payá, M., Iodice, C., & Rosa, S. D. (2007) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wei, P.-P., Luo, Q., Hou, Y., Zhao, F., Li, F., & Meng, Q. (2023) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155195 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Yan, J., Qi, X., Wang, Y., Zheng, Z., Liang, J., Ling, J., Chen, Y., Tang, X., et al. (2024) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2024.104410 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Krzyżostan, M., Wawrzyńczak, A., & Nowak, I. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16072757 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Pathak, D., & Mazumder, A. (2024) · DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40199-023-00502-x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Liu, J., Zou, J., Wang, J., Wang, R., Zhai, S., Chang, X., Zhang, X., Sun, J., Luan, F., & Shi, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135230 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Zheng, T., Gao, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, X., Zang, P., Zhao, Y. H., & He, Z. (2022) · Food and Agricultural Immunology · doi:10.1080/09540105.2022.2120853 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Xu, J., Wu, G., Yu, X., Dong, Z., Yan, J., Wu, L., Bao, L., & Liu, Q. (2022) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.15542 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, B., Wang, R., Jiang, Y., & Liu, Y. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26082327 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wang, W., Zhang, J., Jiang, S.-L., Rao, Z.-M., Liu, H., Wang, L., Cai, C.-L., Yu, C.-H., Yu, C.-H., & Wang, W. (2025) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2025.120607 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kuchikata, H., Sano, M., Fujiwara, F., Murashima, K., Kumaishi, K., Narukawa, M., Nose, Y., Kobayashi, M., Hamamoto, S., Kobayashi, N. I., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-70873-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Noh, J. S., Jeong, J. K., Han, J., & Yi, S. A. (2022) · Archives of Pharmacal Research · doi:10.1007/s12272-022-01395-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Suhaera, S., Sammulia, S. F., Prayoga, D. K., Ramadhania, Z. M., Mita, S., Fristiohady, A., & Milanda, T. (2026) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · doi:10.2147/ccid.s602919 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ara, S. A., Akhlaq, S., Ahmad, B., Fazil, M., Akram, U., Haque, M., Sayeed, A., & Khan, A. A. (2022) · Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy · doi:10.1515/dmpt-2022-0121 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ablat, A., Wang, Y., Zhai, X., Yang, D., Bai, X., Zhou, X., Jiang, G., Peng, Z., Shu, P., & Liao, X. (2026) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2026.122241 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ye, J. R., Lee, H. Y., Park, Y., Chae, Y. K., An, H., Baek, J.-S., & Nam, O. H. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59122066 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, S., Park, S., Kim, Y. H., Lee, J. W., Na, Y. H., Cha, J. E., Kim, D., Kim, R., Kim, H. J., Lee, S. H., et al. (2026) · Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12257-026-00333-y
Self-citationWang, S., Xiang, F., Long, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., He, F., Ho, C., & Li, S. (2026) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules31193540
- Authors
- Her, Y., Lee, T.-K., Ahn, J. H., Lim, S. S., Kang, B.-G., Park, J.-S., Kim, B., Sim, H., Lee, J.-C., Kim, H. S., Sim, T. H., Lee, H. S., & Won, M.-H.
- Affiliations
- Kangwon National University (KR)
- Hallym University (KR)
- Leefarm Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, Gangwon 25117, Korea
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Hyun Sam
- Won, Moo-Ho
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecules
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-12-29
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 124
- ISSN
- 1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7795019
- OpenAlex
- W3117433712
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- 2019 Industry Research Grant from Leefarm Co., Ltd. (C1014940-01-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- anti-inflammatory herbs, UVB photoprotection, photodamaged skin, collagen degradation, inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, Angelica gigas, Houttuynia cordata, Cnidium officinale, topical application
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Collagen, Fermentation, Mice, Inbred ICR, Plants, Medicinal, Skin, Sunscreening Agents, Ultraviolet Rays, Mice, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Distillation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
