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8-oxoguanine and 8-oxodeoxyguanosine biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage: a review on HPLC-ECD determination

Chiorcea-Paquim, Ana-Maria·2022·Molecules
DOI 10.3390/molecules27051620PMC PMC8911600
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Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in living cells due to metabolic and biochemical reactions and due to exposure to physical, chemical and biological agents. Excessive ROS cause oxidative stress and lead to oxidative DNA damage. Within ROS-mediated DNA lesions, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and its nucleotide 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG)—the guanine and deoxyguanosine oxidation products, respectively, are regarded as the most significant biomarkers for oxidative DNA damage. The quantification of 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG in urine, blood, tissue and saliva is essential, being employed to determine the overall effects of oxidative stress and to assess the risk, diagnose, and evaluate the treatment of autoimmune, inflammatory, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and other age-related diseases. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC–ECD) is largely employed for 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG determination in biological samples due to its high selectivity and sensitivity, down to the femtomolar range. This review seeks to provide an exhaustive analysis of the most recent reports on the HPLC–ECD determination of 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG in cellular DNA and body fluids, which is relevant for health research.

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Scheme 1 Schematic representation of oxidative stress agents and oxidative DNA damage.
Scheme 1 Schematic representation of oxidative stress agents and oxidative DNA damage.CC BY · PubMed Central
Scheme 2 Schematic representation of mutagenesis caused by 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), the major base lesion in DNA caused by ROS that leads to G:C–T:A and G:C–C:G or transversions. Black and green lines represent the template DNA strand and the nascent DNA strand, respectively, during replication.
Scheme 2 Schematic representation of mutagenesis caused by 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), the major base lesion in DNA caused by ROS that leads to G:C–T:A and G:C–C:G or transversions. Black and green lines represent the template DNA strand and the nascent DNA strand, respectively, during replication.CC BY · PubMed Central
Scheme 3 (a) Chemical structures of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), and uric acid (UA); (b) 8-oxoG tautomers; and (c) the oxidation of guanine (G) to 8-oxoG.
Scheme 3 (a) Chemical structures of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), and uric acid (UA); (b) 8-oxoG tautomers; and (c) the oxidation of guanine (G) to 8-oxoG.CC BY · PubMed Central
Scheme 4 Structures of normal G(anti):C(anti) and T(anti):A(anti) Watson–Crick, and 8-oxoG(anti):C(anti) Watson–Crick and 8-oxoG(syn):A(anti) Hoogsteen base pairs.
Scheme 4 Structures of normal G(anti):C(anti) and T(anti):A(anti) Watson–Crick, and 8-oxoG(anti):C(anti) Watson–Crick and 8-oxoG(syn):A(anti) Hoogsteen base pairs.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 1 Differential pulse voltammograms at a glassy carbon electrode in a 5 µM solution of (black line) 8-oxoG, (black dotted line) UA, and (red line) a 5 µM equimolar mixture of 8-oxoG and UA in (a) pH = 9.4 and (b) pH = 6.2. Reproduced from [102] with permission. Copyright 2004 Elsevier.
Figure 1 Differential pulse voltammograms at a glassy carbon electrode in a 5 µM solution of (black line) 8-oxoG, (black dotted line) UA, and (red line) a 5 µM equimolar mixture of 8-oxoG and UA in (a) pH = 9.4 and (b) pH = 6.2. Reproduced from [102] with permission. Copyright 2004 Elsevier.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 (a) HPLC chromatograms obtained from (black dotted line) a 10 µL injection of a 100 nM standard mixture of UA, 8-oxoG, and 8-oxodG; (black line) a 10 µL injection of a urine sample from a child with metabolic disorders after being processed by solid phase extraction (SPE). (b,c) Same urine sample (black line) before and (black dotted line) after being spiked with 250 nM standard solutions of (b) 8-oxoG and (c) 8-oxodG. Reproduced from [54] with permission. Copyright 2004 Elsevier.
Figure 2 (a) HPLC chromatograms obtained from (black dotted line) a 10 µL injection of a 100 nM standard mixture of UA, 8-oxoG, and 8-oxodG; (black line) a 10 µL injection of a urine sample from a child with metabolic disorders after being processed by solid phase extraction (SPE). (b,c) Same urine sample (black line) before and (black dotted line) after being spiked with 250 nM standard solutions of (b) 8-oxoG and (c) 8-oxodG. Reproduced from [54] with permission. Copyright 2004 Elsevier.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Identification of target analytes in spiked urine samples at different electrochemical channels: (A) m-tyrosine and nitrotyrosine (0.65 V); (B) 8-oxodG (0.25 V); (C) o-tyrosine and cl-tyrosine (0.50 V). Reproduced from [103] with permission. Copyright 2010 Elsevier.
Figure 3 Identification of target analytes in spiked urine samples at different electrochemical channels: (A) m-tyrosine and nitrotyrosine (0.65 V); (B) 8-oxodG (0.25 V); (C) o-tyrosine and cl-tyrosine (0.50 V). Reproduced from [103] with permission. Copyright 2010 Elsevier.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 HPLC chromatograms of serum samples for healthy people. HPLC conditions were a mobile phase consisting of a 35 mmol L−1 phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 5% acetonitrile and 30 mol L−1 EDTA, a column oven temperature of 27 °C, an injection volume of 100 L, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and an HPLC Develosil C30 prepacked column (5 m particle size). Reproduced from [37] with permission. Copyright 2010 Elsevier.
Figure 4 HPLC chromatograms of serum samples for healthy people. HPLC conditions were a mobile phase consisting of a 35 mmol L−1 phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 5% acetonitrile and 30 mol L−1 EDTA, a column oven temperature of 27 °C, an injection volume of 100 L, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and an HPLC Develosil C30 prepacked column (5 m particle size). Reproduced from [37] with permission. Copyright 2010 Elsevier.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Chiorcea-Paquim, A.-M.
Affiliations
University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
ORCID
Chiorcea-Paquim, Ana-Maria
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-03-01
Volume
27
Issue
5
Pages
1620
ISSN
1420-3049
DOI
10.3390/molecules27051620
PMC
PMC8911600
Cited by
188
References
3
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (UID/EMS/00285/2020)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: 8-oxoguanine and 8-oxodeoxyguanosine biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage: a review on HPLC-ECD determination. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/molecules27051620
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Chiorcea-Paquim, A.-M. (2022). 8-oxoguanine and 8-oxodeoxyguanosine biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage: a review on HPLC-ECD determination. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051620