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Cited by 74Vitamin D Research StudiesPregnancy and preeclampsia studiesVitamin K Research Studies

The Association of Vitamin D Levels with Common Pregnancy Complications

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Dovnik, Andraž, Mujezinović, Faris·2018·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu10070867PMC PMC6073751
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Abstract

The association between vitamin D deficiency and various adverse pregnancy outcomes has been extensively investigated in recent years. The pregnant woman is the only source of vitamin D for the foetus. The main sources of vitamin D for pregnant women are sunlight, fortified dairy products, oily fish and dietary supplements. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with some adverse neonatal outcomes as well as an increased risk of late pregnancy complications. The outcomes of the published studies investigating preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus vary with some large trials suggesting a potential positive effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on the decreased risk of these complications. Research also suggests a possible connection between lower vitamin D concentrations and increased risk of preterm labour. In our manuscript, we aim to review the existing literature regarding the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency, and possible pregnancy complications arising from it.

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  • Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, increased risk of gestational diabetes, and long-term metabolic consequences for offspring, including obesity and insulin resistance.

    “Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, increased risk of gestational diabetes, and long-term metabolic consequences for offspring, including obesity and insulin resistance.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [135]

    The Introduction and Section 3 (page unavailable) link maternal vitamin D deficiency with adverse pregnancy outcomes and report an association between low vitamin D and increased gestational-diabetes risk, while noting mixed study findings. The passages about neonatal outcomes and insulin resistance concern newborn outcomes and maternal glucose metabolism, not long-term obesity or insulin resistance in offspring. The copy does not support that part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Current evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may act as a contributing factor that increases the risk of developing gestational diabetes.

    “Current evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may act as a contributing factor that increases the risk of developing gestational diabetes.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [135]

  • Low vitamin D levels may be linked to a higher risk of preeclampsia, as suggested by observational studies, as well as gestational diabetes.

    “In recent years, the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and negative pregnancy outcomes has been widely studied, leading to the hypothesis that low vitamin D levels may be linked to a higher risk of preeclampsia, as suggested by observational studies, as well as gestational diabetes [135,136].”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [135]

  • Because vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent among obese women-who already have a higher incidence of gestational diabetes-it is difficult to clearly determine a direct causal relationship between vitamin D status and GDM.

    “However, because vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent among obese women—who already have a higher incidence of gestational diabetes—it is difficult to clearly determine a direct causal relationship between vitamin D status and GDM [135,137,138,139].”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [135]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Dovnik, A., & Mujezinović, F.
Affiliations
University Clinical Centre Maribor (SI)
Corresponding author
Dovnik, Andraž
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2018-07-05
Volume
10
Issue
7
Pages
867
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu10070867
PMC
PMC6073751
OpenAlex
W2809906864
Cited by
74
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2
FWCI
1.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin K Research Studies
Keywords
vitamin D deficiency, pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm labour, neonatal outcomes, vitamin D supplementation, risk factors, sun exposure, dietary sources of vitamin D
MeSH terms
Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Risk Factors, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Biomarkers, Prevalence, Dietary Supplements

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