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Cited by 24Clinical Nutrition and GastroenterologyHyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patientsSepsis Diagnosis and Treatment

Free Fatty Acids’ Level and Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients and Association with Outcomes: A Prospective Sub-Study of PermiT Trial

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Arabi, Yaseen M., Tamimi, Waleed, Jones, Gwynne, Jawdat, Dunia, Tamim, Hani, Al-Dorzi, Hasan M., Sadat, Musharaf, Afesh, Lara +2 more·2019·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu11020384PMC PMC6412238
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Abstract

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical and nutritional correlates of high free fatty acids (FFAs) level in critically ill patients and the association with outcomes, and to study the effect of short-term caloric restriction (permissive underfeeding) on FFAs level during critical illness. Patients/Method: In this pre-planned sub-study of the PermiT (Permissive Underfeeding vs. Target Enteral Feeding in Adult Critically Ill Patients) trial, we included critically ill patients who were expected to stay for ≥14 days in the intensive care unit. We measured FFAs level on day 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 of enrollment. Of 70 enrolled patients, 23 (32.8%) patients had high FFAs level (baseline FFAs level >0.45 mmol/L in females and >0.6 mmol/L in males). Results: Patients with high FFAs level were significantly older and more likely to be females and diabetics and they had lower ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen, higher creatinine, and higher total cholesterol levels than those with normal FFAs level. During the study period, patients with high FFAs level had higher blood glucose and required more insulin. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, the predictors of high baseline FFAs level were diabetes (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 5.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.56, 18.43, p = 0.008) and baseline cholesterol level (aOR, 4.29; 95% CI: 11.64, 11.19, p = 0.003). Serial levels of FFAs did not differ with time between permissive underfeeding and standard feeding groups. FFAs level was not associated with 90-day mortality (aOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.09, 2.60, p = 0.40). Conclusion: We conclude that high FFAs level in critically ill patients is associated with features of metabolic syndrome and is not affected by short-term permissive underfeeding.

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  • The normal concentration of FFAs in human plasma on an empty stomach varies depending on gender, age, and method of measurement; the reference range for serum is 0.1-0.45 mM for women and 0.1-0.6 mM for men.

    “The normal concentration of FFAs in human plasma on an empty stomach varies depending on gender, age, and the method of measurement. The reference range for serum is 0.1–0.45 mM for women and 0.1–0.6 mM for men [137,138].”

    From The HepG2 Cell Line as a Model for Studying Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (2026) · cites this paper as [137]

    Section 2.2, Free Fatty Acids Measurement (page unavailable), gives the stated normal fasting serum ranges: 0.1–0.45 mmol/L for females and 0.1–0.6 mmol/L for males. The Results, section 3.1 (page unavailable), report an association with age in critically ill patients, but the paper does not establish that normal fasting concentrations vary with age or with measurement method. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Arabi, Y. M., Tamimi, W., Jones, G., Jawdat, D., Tamim, H., Al-Dorzi, H. M., Sadat, M., Afesh, L., Sakhija, M., & Al-Dawood, A.
Affiliations
  • King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (SA)
  • University of Ottawa (CA)
  • King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (SA)
  • College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
Corresponding author
Arabi, Yaseen M.
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-02-13
Volume
11
Issue
2
Pages
384
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu11020384
PMC
PMC6412238
OpenAlex
W2911285939
Cited by
24
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2
FWCI
1.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (AT 32-25 KACST)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords
free fatty acids, critically ill patients, permissive underfeeding, enteral nutrition, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, cholesterol, 90-day mortality, intensive care, insulin requirement, blood glucose
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Enteral Nutrition, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Nutritional Status, Prospective Studies, Critical Illness, Treatment Outcome, Caloric Restriction

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