Obesity, insulin resistance and free fatty acids
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe the role of free fatty acid (FFA) as a cause for insulin resistance in obese people. RECENT FINDINGS: Elevated plasma FFA levels can account for a large part of insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance is clinically important because it is closely associated with several diseases including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and abnormalities in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. These disorders are all independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (heart attacks, strokes and peripheral arterial disease). The mechanisms by which FFA can cause insulin resistance, although not completely known, include generation of lipid metabolites (diacylglycerol), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP1) and cellular stress including oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. SUMMARY: Increased plasma FFA levels are an important cause of obesity-associated insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Therapeutic application of this knowledge is hampered by the lack of readily accessible methods to measure FFA and by the lack of medications to lower plasma FFA levels.
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Obesity, especially central obesity, is probably the main cause of the metabolic syndrome.
“Obesity, especially central obesity, is probably the main cause of the metabolic syndrome (MetS)”
From Dyslipidemia in obesity: Mechanisms and potential targets (2013) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- Boden, G.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Boden, Guenther
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 139-143
- ISSN
- 1752-296X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3169796
- OpenAlex
- W2000050828
- Cited by
- 848
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 6.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK58895, R01DK058895)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- free fatty acids, insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, diacylglycerol, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, dyslipidemia, hypertension, fibrinolysis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Risk Factors, Up-Regulation, Risk Assessment
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