The DOI matches its Crossref record; 293 of the 293 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Breast Milk, a Source of Beneficial Microbes and Associated Benefits for Infant Health
Open accessAbstract
Human breast milk is considered the optimum feeding regime for newborn infants due to its ability to provide complete nutrition and many bioactive health factors. Breast feeding is associated with improved infant health and immune development, less incidences of gastrointestinal disease and lower mortality rates than formula fed infants. As well as providing fundamental nutrients to the growing infant, breast milk is a source of commensal bacteria which further enhance infant health by preventing pathogen adhesion and promoting gut colonisation of beneficial microbes. While breast milk was initially considered a sterile fluid and microbes isolated were considered contaminants, it is now widely accepted that breast milk is home to its own unique microbiome. The origins of bacteria in breast milk have been subject to much debate, however, the possibility of an entero-mammary pathway allowing for transfer of microbes from maternal gut to the mammary gland is one potential pathway. Human milk derived strains can be regarded as potential probiotics; therefore, many studies have focused on isolating strains from milk for subsequent use in infant health and nutrition markets. This review aims to discuss mammary gland development in preparation for lactation as well as explore the microbial composition and origins of the human milk microbiota with a focus on probiotic development.
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“Although other bioactive compounds present in breast milk, such as immunoglobulins, antibodies, antimicrobial peptides, and lactoferrin, can have microbiota-independent benefits for the infant, mediation of health benefits [such as lower incidence of immune and gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, as well as improved cognitive function (261, 262)] through the assembly of a”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [263]
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Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health
Berding, K., Vlckova, K., Marx, W., Schellekens, H., Stanton, C., Clarke, G., Jacka, F., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2021) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmaa181 · Cited by 451
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lyons, K. E., Ryan, C. A., Dempsey, E. M., Ross, R. P., & Stanton, C.
- Affiliations
- Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
- University College Cork (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Stanton, Catherine
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-04-09
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1039
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7231147
- OpenAlex
- W3015536860
- Cited by
- 613
- References
- 293
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 141 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 99 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 16
- FWCI
- 9.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- T-Stór (Teagasc) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Lenus, The Irish Health Repository (Dr Steevens Hospital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (15F721)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Keywords
- human milk microbiota, breast milk, infant health, commensal bacteria, probiotics, mammary gland development, lactation, infant immune development, bottle feeding, pathogen adhesion
- MeSH terms
- Infant Health, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Breast Feeding, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Infant, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant, Newborn, Male, Milk, Human, Probiotics
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