The DOI matches its Crossref record; 120 of the 120 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Macrophage Polarization and Osteoporosis: A Review
Open accessAbstract
Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide. Individuals with osteoporosis have increased rates of bone resorption while simultaneously having impaired osteogenesis. Most current treatments for osteoporosis focus on anti-resorptive methods to prevent further bone loss. However, it is important to identify safe and cost-efficient treatments that not only inhibit bone resorption, but also stimulate anabolic mechanisms to upregulate osteogenesis. Recent data suggest that macrophage polarization may contribute to osteoblast differentiation and increased osteogenesis as well as bone mineralization. Macrophages exist in two major polarization states, classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2) macrophages. The polarization state of macrophages is dependent on molecules in the microenvironment including several cytokines and chemokines. Mechanistically, M2 macrophages secrete osteogenic factors that stimulate the differentiation and activation of pre-osteoblastic cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC’s), and subsequently increase bone mineralization. In this review, we cover the mechanisms by which M2 macrophages contribute to osteogenesis and postulate the hypothesis that regulating macrophage polarization states may be a potential treatment for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Cites
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BackgroundInfluential
Cited by
Schlundt, C., Fischer, H., Bucher, C. H., Rendenbach, C., Duda, G. N., & Schmidt-Bleek, K. (2021) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.052 · Cited by 415
Matrix stiffness regulates macrophage polarisation via the Piezo1‐YAP signalling axis
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“28,29 Sustained and elevated M1 response can result in chronic inflammation, accompanied by fusion of macrophages, formation of foreign-body giant cells, and breakdown of healthy tissues surrounding the implant, eventually leading to implant failure.”
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Cellular crosstalk in the bone marrow niche
Huang, Z., Iqbal, Z., Zhao, Z., Liu, J., Alabsi, A. M., Shabbir, M., Mahmood, A., Liang, Y., Li, W., & Deng, Z. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05900-6 · Cited by 34
Ma, T.-L., Zhu, P., Ke, Z.-R., Chen, J.-X., Hu, Y.-H., & Xie, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.891313 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Muñoz, J., Akhavan, N. S., Mullins, A. P., & Arjmandi, B. H.
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-09-30
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2999
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3089411916
- Cited by
- 384
- References
- 120
- FWCI
- 11.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
