The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Effects of a Nutrition Education Intervention on Sports Nutrition Knowledge during a Competitive Season in Highly Trained Adolescent Swimmers
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a seven-week nutrition education intervention on the sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) of highly trained UK adolescent swimmers. Fifteen national and international adolescent swimmers (males = 5; females = 10, 15.5 ± 1.1 years, 170.2 ± 7.5 cm, 60.3 ± 5.7 kg) participated in the study during seven consecutive weeks of the competitive swimming season. The participants received 30 min of nutrition education once per week in a classroom-based setting after they had completed their regular swim training. An undergraduate sports nutrition student delivered all nutrition education sessions and SNK questionnaires were administered to the participants pre- and post-intervention. The mean total SNK score improved by 8.3% (SD = 8.4%, 95% CI = 4.1–12.6; p = 0.006; ES = 1.0) following the nutrition education sessions. On an individual basis, ten swimmers significantly improved their total SNK score, whereas four swimmers did not improve, and one swimmer performed significantly worse after the intervention. Moreover, the swimmers’ knowledge of hydration improved by 22.2% (SD = 20.6%, 95% CI = 11.8–32.6, p = 0.004, ES = 1.1) over the seven-week timeframe, which was the only nutrition topic to have a significantly increased knowledge score. The current study therefore suggests that a nutrition education intervention can positively influence the SNK of highly trained adolescent swimmers.
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“Two studies(31,41) reported using a previously validated questionnaire, but when cross-checked with the cited article(57) from which the questionnaire was used, it was found that the tool had not been validated, and the lack of reliability and validity testing was declared as a limitation of the study.”
From Adolescent athletes have better general than sports nutrition knowledge and lack awareness of supplement recommendations: a systematic literature review (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
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“Subsection scores were reported in two studies(31,57), which both indicated the lowest scoring section to be ‘protein’ and the highest ‘energy/refuelling’.”
From Adolescent athletes have better general than sports nutrition knowledge and lack awareness of supplement recommendations: a systematic literature review (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
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“Three studies used this questionnaire, including the author of the questionnaire(31,41,57).”
From Adolescent athletes have better general than sports nutrition knowledge and lack awareness of supplement recommendations: a systematic literature review (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
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“The results showed a range of mean % correct scores from 45·6 %(41) to 68·3 %(31).”
From Adolescent athletes have better general than sports nutrition knowledge and lack awareness of supplement recommendations: a systematic literature review (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, research in adolescent athletes suggests that mean nutrition knowledge ranges between 43.8 ± 11.4% and 48.85 ± 12.7% [129,137,138], which is lower than that of their elder counterparts (overall NK% = 55.1 ± 10.7%) [132], therefore highlighting the importance of increasing the level of nutritional knowledge in adolescent athletes to support maturation, recovery, and injury risk.”
From Sleep, Nutrition, and Injury Risk in Adolescent Athletes: A Narrative Review (2023) · cites this paper as [138]
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“Alternatively, it might have been the use of technology that increased the adherence to the program, as previous research has shown that an adherence rate above 80% is possible with the inclusion of mobile phone applications [19].”
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Cited by
Sleep, Nutrition, and Injury Risk in Adolescent Athletes: A Narrative Review
Mason, L., Connolly, J., Devenney, L. E., Lacey, K., O’Donovan, J., & Doherty, R. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15245101 · Cited by 50
Hulland, S. C., Trakman, G. L., & Alcock, R. D. (2024) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114523002799 · Cited by 34
Vicente, F., Anastácio, L., Monteiro, A., Brito, J., Ramalho, R., & Pereira, P. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17152404 · Cited by 10
Bielec, G., & Goździejewska, A. M. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16157418 · Cited by 2
Veloso-Pulgar, M., & Farran-Codina, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1821345 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Foo, W. L., Faghy, M. A., Sparks, A., Newbury, J. W., & Gough, L. A.
- Affiliations
- Research Centre for Life and Sport Science (CLaSS), School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B9 3TN, UK
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby DE1 1GB, UK
- Sports Nutrition and Performance Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-08-06
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2713
- ISSN
- 2072-6643
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 5
- Language
- en
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