Old, Nonagenarians, and Centenarians in Cilento, Italy and the Association of Lifespan with the Level of Some Physicochemical Elements in Tap Drinking Water
Open accessAbstract
Longevity, as a complex life-history trait, shares an ontogenetic relationship with other quantitative traits, such as epigenetic and environmental factors. Therefore, it is important to identify environmental factors that may modify the epigenome to establish healthy aging. This study explored the association between tap drinking water and longevity in Cilento, Italy, to understand whether trace elements in local drinking water may have an influence on old, nonagenarian, and centenarian people and promote their health and longevity. Data on population and water sources were collected through the National Demographic Statistics, the Cilento Municipal Archives, and the Cilento Integrated Water Service. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and a geographically weight regression (GWR) model were used to study the spatial relationship between the explanatory and outcome variables of longevity. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of longevity is concentrated in the central, northern and southeastern areas of the territory and that some trace elements present in tap water may contribute to local longevity in Cilento. Specifically, all Cilento municipalities had alkaline tap water, and the municipalities with the highest longevity concentrations had higher alkalinity levels than the other municipalities, soft to medium-hard water hardness, an amount of total dissolved solids equivalent to the level of excellent water, lower amounts of sodium, adequate iron concentration, and adequate dietary intake of manganese per day.
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Access to mineral-rich water sources, as observed in longevity regions like Cilento and Hunza, has been linked to cardiovascular and metabolic health benefits.
“Additionally, access to mineral-rich water sources, as observed in longevity regions like Cilento and Hunza, has been linked to cardiovascular and metabolic health benefits [5,50,51].”
From The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome's Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine-Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
The Introduction links calcium- and bicarbonate-rich water to coronary heart disease benefits and describes antidiabetic effects reported for alkaline water. The Discussion identifies alkaline water in Cilento and high-pH water among the Hunza, but its limitations state that the study did not evaluate common diseases in Cilento. It therefore does not establish cardiovascular or metabolic benefits from water in either longevity region. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAging is influenced by a dynamic interaction between genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and lifestyle choices, which together determine health outcomes and the risk of age-related diseases.
“The process of aging is influenced by a dynamic interaction between genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and lifestyle choices, which together determine health outcomes and the risk of developing age-related diseases [4,5,117].”
From The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome's Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine-Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
The Introduction (page not provided) describes complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors as important to longevity and healthy life, and says environmental changes can affect health. It does not establish the further claim that these factors together determine the risk of developing age-related diseases. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMacro- and micro-environmental factors play a crucial role in aging trajectories.
“Macro- and micro-environmental factors play a crucial role in aging trajectories.”
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- Authors
- Aliberti, S. M., Funk, R. H. W., Ciaglia, E., Gonnella, J., Giudice, A., Vecchione, C., Puca, A. A., & Capunzo, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Salerno (IT)
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- Thomas Jefferson University (US)
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale" (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Aliberti, Silvana Mirella
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-01-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 218
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9823399
- OpenAlex
- W4313471530
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 4.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Medicine Forum (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Therapeutic Uses of Natural Elements
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Quality and Resources Studies
- Keywords
- longevity, centenarians, nonagenarians, trace elements, water alkalinity, water hardness, total dissolved solids, manganese intake, iron, sodium, healthy aging, Cilento
- MeSH terms
- Centenarians, Nonagenarians, Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Italy, Longevity, Trace Elements, Drinking Water
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