Lifestyle Intervention in NAFLD: Long-Term Diabetes Incidence in Subjects Treated by Web- and Group-Based Programs
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Background: Behavioral programs are needed for prevention and treatment of NAFLD and the effectiveness of a web-based intervention (WBI) is similar to a standard group-based intervention (GBI) on liver disease biomarkers. Objective: We aimed to test the long-term effectiveness of both programs on diabetes incidence, a common outcome in NAFLD progression. Methods: 546 NAFLD individuals (212 WBI, 334 GBI) were followed up to 60 months with regular 6- to 12-month hospital visits. The two cohorts differed in several socio-demographic and clinical data. In the course of the years, the average BMI similarly decreased in both cohorts, by 5% or more in 24.4% and by 10% or more in 16.5% of cases available at follow-up. After excluding 183 cases with diabetes at entry, diabetes was newly diagnosed in 48 cases during follow-up (31 (16.6% of cases without diabetes at entry) in the GBI cohort vs. 17 (9.7%) in WBI; p = 0.073). Time to diabetes was similar in the two cohorts (mean, 31 ± 18 months since enrollment). At multivariable regression analysis, incident diabetes was significantly associated with prediabetes (odds ratio (OR) 4.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97–9.81; p < 0.001), percent weight change (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.41–0.79; p < 0.001) and higher education (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.27–0.86; p = 0.014), with no effect of other baseline socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical data, and of the type of intervention. The importance of weight change on incident diabetes were confirmed in a sensitivity analysis limited to individuals who completed the follow-up. Conclusion: In individuals with NAFLD, WBI is as effective as GBI on the pending long-term risk of diabetes, via similar results on weight change.
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Before-and-after studies or cohort studies can provide valuable insights into special populations such as patients with chronic liver disease or renal transplant.
“before-and-after studies or cohort studies can provide valuable insights into special populations, such as patients with chronic liver disease [57] or renal transplant [58]”
From Digital Health Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Petroni, M. L., Brodosi, L., Armandi, A., Marchignoli, F., Bugianesi, E., & Marchesini, G.
- Affiliations
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedliero-Universitaria di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola (IT)
- Azienda Ospedaliera Citta' della Salute e della Scienza di Torino (IT)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Marchesini, Giulio
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-02-03
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 792
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9919358
- OpenAlex
- W4319315582
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 2.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Community subproject FP7/2007- 2013 FLIP (HEALTH-F2-2009-241762)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, lifestyle intervention, online intervention, group intervention, diabetes incidence, prediabetes, weight change, body mass index, long-term follow-up, educational attainment
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Life Style, Prediabetic State, Incidence, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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