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Ultra-Processed Food Intake Is Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Henney, Alex E., Gillespie, Conor S., Alam, Uazman, Hydes, Theresa J., Cuthbertson, Daniel J.·2023·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu15102266PMC PMC10224355
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Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to chronic caloric excess and physical inactivity. Previous meta-analyses have confirmed associations between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and obesity and T2D. We aim to ascertain the contribution of UPF consumption to the risk of developing NAFLD. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO (CRD42022368763)). All records registered on Ovid Medline and Web of Science were searched from inception until December 2022. Studies that assessed UPF consumption in adults, determined according to the NOVA food classification system, and that reported NAFLD determined by surrogate (steatosis) scores, imaging or liver biopsy were included. The association between UPF consumption and NAFLD was assessed using random-effects meta-analysis methods. Study quality was assessed, and evidence credibility evaluated, using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and NutriGrade systems, respectively. A total of 5454 records were screened, and 112 records underwent full text review. From these, 9 studies (3 cross-sectional, 3 case-control and 3 cohort), analysing 60,961 individuals, were included in the current review. Both moderate (vs. low) (pooled relative risk 1.03 (1.00–1.07) (p = 0.04) (I2 = 0%)) and high (vs. low) (1.42 (1.16–1.75) (<0.01) (I2 = 89%)) intake of UPF significantly increased the risk of NAFLD. Funnel plots demonstrate low risk of publication bias. Consumption of UPF is associated with NAFLD with a dose–response effect. Public health measures to reduce overconsumption of UPF are imperative to reduce the burden of NAFLD, and the related conditions, obesity and T2D.

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Metadata

Authors
Henney, A. E., Gillespie, C. S., Alam, U., Hydes, T. J., & Cuthbertson, D. J.
Affiliations
  • Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
  • Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-05-10
Volume
15
Issue
10
Pages
2266
ISSN
2072-6643
DOI
10.3390/nu15102266
PMC
PMC10224355
Cited by
74
References
15
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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