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Ultraprocessed food and chronic noncommunicable diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 43 observational studies

Lane, Melissa M., Davis, Jessica A., Beattie, Sally, Gómez‐Donoso, Clara, Loughman, Amy, O'Neil, Adrienne, Jacka, Felice, Berk, Michael, Page, Richard, Marx, Wolfgang, Rocks, Tetyana·2021·Obesity Reviews
DOI 10.1111/obr.13146
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Abstract

Summary: This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the association between consumption of ultraprocessed food and noncommunicable disease risk, morbidity and mortality. Forty‐three observational studies were included ( N = 891,723): 21 cross‐sectional, 19 prospective, two case‐control and one conducted both a prospective and cross‐sectional analysis. Meta‐analysis demonstrated consumption of ultraprocessed food was associated with increased risk of overweight (odds ratio: 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23‐1.51; P < 0.001), obesity (odds ratio: 1.51; 95% CI, 1.34‐1.70; P < 0.001), abdominal obesity (odds ratio: 1.49; 95% CI, 1.34‐1.66; P < 0.0001), all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11‐1.48; P = 0.001), metabolic syndrome (odds ratio: 1.81; 95% CI, 1.12‐2.93; P = 0.015) and depression in adults (hazard ratio: 1.22; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.28, P < 0.001) as well as wheezing (odds ratio: 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27‐1.55; P < 0.001) but not asthma in adolescents (odds ratio: 1.20; 95% CI, 0.99‐1.46; P = 0.065). In addition, consumption of ultraprocessed food was associated with cardiometabolic diseases, frailty, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia and cancer (breast and overall) in adults while also being associated with metabolic syndrome in adolescents and dyslipidaemia in children. Although links between ultraprocessed food consumption and some intermediate risk factors in adults were also highlighted, further studies are required to more clearly define associations in children and adolescents. Study registration: Prospero ID: CRD42020176752.

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  • Pooled analysis of two cross-sectional studies provided limited evidence of an association between greater ultra-processed food exposure and risks of prevalent asthma (risk ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.46; credibility class V; GRADE very low).

    “Pooled analyses that included two cross sectional studies provided limited evidence of an association between greater exposure to ultra-processed foods and risks of prevalent asthma (risk ratio 1.20, 0.99 to 1.46; class V; very low)”

    From Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses (2024) · cites this paper as [18]

  • Pooled analysis of two cross-sectional studies provided limited evidence of an association between greater ultra-processed food exposure and risks of prevalent wheezing (risk ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 1.55; credibility class II; GRADE low).

    “and wheezing (risk ratio 1.40, 1.27 to 1.55; class II; low)”

    From Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses (2024) · cites this paper as [18]

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Metadata

Authors
Lane, M. M., Davis, J. A., Beattie, S., Gómez‐Donoso, C., Loughman, A., O'Neil, A., Jacka, F., Berk, M., Page, R., Marx, W., & Rocks, T.
Affiliations
  • The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
  • The Barwon Centre of Orthopaedic Research and Education (B‐CORE) Barwon Health and St John of God Hospital Geelong Geelong Victoria Australia
  • Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
ORCID
Lane, Melissa M.
Venue
Obesity Reviews
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2020-11-09
Volume
22
Issue
3
ISSN
  • 1467-7881
  • 1467-789X
DOI
10.1111/obr.13146
Cited by
564
References
26
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • PA Research Foundation
  • La Trobe University
  • Cancer Council Queensland
  • Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia
  • European GNSS Agency
  • Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria
  • Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation
  • University of Southern Queensland
  • Bond University
  • Oxford University Press
  • University of the Sunshine Coast
  • Beyond Blue
  • Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative
  • Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism
  • Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición
  • Pfizer
  • Servier
  • Cilag
  • Ian Potter Foundation
  • Geelong Region Medical Research Foundation
  • Australian Rotary Health
  • Novartis
  • Woolworths Group
  • Meat and Livestock Australia
  • Sanofi
  • Australian Research Council
  • Wilson Foundation
  • National Heart Foundation of Australia ((#101160)
  • Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
  • Falk Foundation
  • Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists
  • Epilepsy Society of Australia
  • American Epilepsy Society
  • University of Technology Sydney
  • Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Australian Academy of Science
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
  • Deakin University
  • RMIT University
  • University of Melbourne
  • University of New South Wales
  • Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI18/00073)
  • Fernwood Foundation

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