Influence of Tempeh, Daidzein, Probiotics, and Their Combination on Magnesium Status and Hematological Ratios in a Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Animal Model
Open accessAbstract
Background/Objectives: Postmenopausal osteoporosis disrupts magnesium homeostasis and hematological balance, contributing to systemic inflammation and metabolic alterations. This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary interventions—tempeh, daidzein, probiotics, and their combinations—on magnesium status and hematological ratios in a postmenopausal osteoporotic Wistar rat model. Methods: Sixty-four rats were divided into one sham group (n = 8) and seven ovariectomized (OVX) groups (n = 56), with different modified diets administered for six weeks. In addition, one of the groups received alendronate bisphosphonate as a pharmacological reference to benchmark the dietary interventions against standard anti-osteoporotic therapy. Magnesium levels in the tissues and feces, along with blood hematological ratios (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and triglyceride-to-glucose index (TyG)), were evaluated. Results: The results revealed that a combination of tempeh and probiotics (OTL) significantly increased magnesium levels in the feces, spleen, and hair, while reducing liver magnesium levels. Compared to the standard groups (S and O), the hematological analysis revealed that the daidzein group (OD) had the highest MLR, while the OTL group exhibited the lowest TyG index. The alendronate bisphosphonate (OB) intervention showed no significant effect on tissue magnesium levels, feces magnesium levels, or hematological ratios. Correlation analysis revealed a strong negative association between spleen magnesium levels and the PLR (r = −0.626) and a positive relationship between liver magnesium levels and TyG (r = 0.422). Conclusions: The authors of this study concludes that while ovariectomy significantly altered magnesium status and hematological ratios, the dietary combination of tempeh, daidzein, and probiotics did not demonstrate an apparent beneficial effect on magnesium status or inflammatory ratios in a postmenopausal osteoporotic rat model. However, the findings highlight interesting aspects of magnesium status and its correlations with metabolic and inflammatory parameters, warranting further investigation.
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Harahap, I. A., Salem, O., Fahmi, R. L., Ahmed, N., Leciejewska, N., & Suliburska, J.
- Affiliations
- Poznań University of Life Sciences (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Harahap, Iskandar Azmy
- Suliburska, Joanna
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2025-09-09
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 2917
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12472436
- OpenAlex
- W4414157009
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Polish National Science Centre/Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2021/41/N/NZ9/00838)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Magnesium in Health and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Keywords
- postmenopausal osteoporosis, magnesium status, tempeh, daidzein, probiotics, ovariectomy, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic inflammation, dietary intervention, alendronate, magnesium homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Feces, Female, Isoflavones, Magnesium, Ovariectomy, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal, Rats, Wistar, Probiotics, Rats
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