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Cited by 115Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressRetinoids in leukemia and cellular processesFatty Acid Research and Health

Mammalian Metabolism of β-Carotene: Gaps in Knowledge

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Shete, Varsha, Quadro, Loredana·2013·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu5124849PMC PMC3875911
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Abstract

β-carotene is the most abundant provitamin A carotenoid in human diet and tissues. It exerts a number of beneficial functions in mammals, including humans, owing to its ability to generate vitamin A as well as to emerging crucial signaling functions of its metabolites. Even though β-carotene is generally considered a safer form of vitamin A due to its highly regulated intestinal absorption, detrimental effects have also been ascribed to its intake, at least under specific circumstances. A better understanding of the metabolism of β-carotene is still needed to unequivocally discriminate the conditions under which it may exert beneficial or detrimental effects on human health and thus to enable the formulation of dietary recommendations adequate for different groups of individuals and populations worldwide. Here we provide a general overview of the metabolism of this vitamin A precursor in mammals with the aim of identifying the gaps in knowledge that call for immediate attention. We highlight the main questions that remain to be answered in regards to the cleavage, uptake, extracellular and intracellular transport of β-carotene as well as the interactions between the metabolism of β-carotene and that of other macronutrients such as lipids.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Shete, V., & Quadro, L.
Affiliations
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
Corresponding author
Quadro, Loredana
ORCID
Quadro, Loredana
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2013-11-27
Volume
5
Issue
12
Pages
4849-4868
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu5124849
PMC
PMC3875911
OpenAlex
W2150108820
Cited by
115
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 1
FWCI
0.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD057493)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Keywords
beta-carotene, provitamin A, carotenoid metabolism, vitamin A biosynthesis, intestinal absorption, carotenoid cleavage, carotenoid transport, dietary recommendations
MeSH terms
Animals, Diet, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Mammals, Vitamin A, beta Carotene, Dioxygenases, beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase, Recommended Dietary Allowances

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