Prevalence, Infectious Characteristics and Genetic Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Two Raw-Meat Processing Establishments in Northern Greece
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In the present study, we investigated the isolation frequency, the genetic diversity, and the infectious characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from the incoming meat and the meat products, the environment, and the workers’ nasal cavities, in two meat-processing establishments in northern Greece. The isolated S. aureus strains were examined for their resistance to antimicrobials, carriage of the mecA and mecC genes, carriage of genes encoding for the production of nine staphylococcal enterotoxins, carriage of the Panton–Valentine Leukocidin and Toxic Shock Syndrome genes, and the ability to form biofilm. The genetic diversity of the isolates was evaluated using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and spa typing. S. aureus was isolated from 13.8% of the 160 samples examined, while only one sample (0.6%) was contaminated by MRSA carrying the mecA gene. The evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates revealed low antimicrobial resistance. The higher resistance frequencies were observed for penicillin (68.2%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (36.4%) and tetracycline (18.2%), while 31.8% of the isolates were sensitive to all antimicrobials examined. Multidrug resistance was observed in two isolates. None of the isolates carried the mecC or lukF-PV genes, and two isolates (9.1%) harbored the tst gene. Eight isolates (36.4%) carried the seb gene, one carried the sed gene, two (9.1%) carried both the sed and sei genes, and one isolate (4.5%) carried the seb, sed and sei genes. Twenty-one (95.5%) of the isolates showed moderate biofilm production ability, while only one (4.5%) was characterized as a strong biofilm producer. Genotyping of the isolates by PFGE indicates that S. aureus from different meat-processing establishments represent separate genetic populations. Ten different spa types were identified, while no common spa type isolates were detected within the two plants. Overall, our findings emphasize the need for the strict application of good hygienic practices at the plant level to control the spread of S. aureus and MRSA to the community through the end products.
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Studies have revealed the presence of MDR bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and MDR-Salmonella, in meat products.
“Studies have revealed the presence of MDR bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and MDR-Salmonella, in meat products [63,76,77,78,79].”
From A Systematic Review on Antimicrobial Resistance in Ghana from a One Health Perspective (2024) · cites this paper as [79]
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Δρούγκα, Ε., Foka, A., Giormezis, N., Sergelidis, D., Militsopoulou, M., Jelastopulu, E., Komodromos, D., Sarrou, S., Anastassiou, E. D., Petinaki, E., et al. (2019) · Journal of Food Processing and Preservation · doi:10.1111/jfpp.13961 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 94 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Authority, E. F. S. (2025) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9237 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Antibiotic Resistance in Selected Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens—An Issue of Concern?
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A Systematic Review on Antimicrobial Resistance in Ghana from a One Health Perspective
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“Studies have revealed the presence of MDR bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and MDR-Salmonella , in meat products [63,76–79].”
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Antibiotic-resistant bacteria detected in homes impacted by sewage
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- Authors
- Komodromos, D., Kotzamanidis, C., Giantzi, V., Pappa, S., Papa, A., Zdragas, A., Angelidis, A., & Sergelidis, D.
- Affiliations
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DIMITRA (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Kotzamanidis, Charalampos
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pathogens
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-11-17
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1370
- ISSN
- 2076-0817 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9697755
- OpenAlex
- W4309613537
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Pathogens (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 grant VEO (874735)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Keywords
- Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, raw meat, antimicrobial resistance, mecA gene, mecC gene, staphylococcal enterotoxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, biofilm formation, spa typing, genetic diversity, nasal carriage, food safety
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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