A Comprehensive Study of Therapeutic Applications of Chamomile
Open accessAbstract
Chamomile has a long history of traditional medicinal uses. The two commonly used varieties with therapeutic applications are German chamomile known as Matricaria chamomilla L. and Roman chamomile or Chamaemelum nobile L. The plant contains many components, namely, flavonoids, terpenoids, and coumarins, which are responsible for its medicinal properties. The review discusses recent developments that help in establishing its role as a therapeutic agent in various areas as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-allergic, anticancer, and anti-hypertensive agent. Not much is known about its role in the treatment of CNS disorders and metabolic syndromes, which are also discussed. The chemical components responsible for the therapeutic activity and the respective mechanism of action are also elaborated.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Oat (Avena sativa) and chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) extracts have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and skin barrier-stabilizing properties.
“These include plant extracts such as oat (Avena sativa) and chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) extracts, which have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and skin barrier-stabilizing properties [28,29].”
From A 28-Day Pilot Study of the Effects on Facial Skin Hydration, Elasticity, and Texture of a Centella asiatica Extracellular Vesicle-Based Skin Care Formulation (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
Sections 4.1 and 4.2 report anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of chamomile extracts. The paper does not establish a skin barrier-stabilizing effect: the barrier-stabilizing study listed in its References concerns an intestinal mucosa cell model. This chamomile review also does not address oat, which may be covered by the sentence’s other citation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Hair cortisol, stress exposure, and mental health in humans: A systematic review
Staufenbiel, S. M., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Spijker, A. T., Elzinga, B. M., & van Rossum, E. F. C. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.11.015 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): An overview
Singh, O., Khanam, Z., Misra, N., & Srivastava, M. (2011) · Pharmacognosy Reviews/Bioinformatics Trends/Pharmacognosy review · doi:10.4103/0973-7847.79103 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Carpenter, L. L., Carvalho, J. P., Tyrka, A. R., Wier, L. M., Mello, A. F., Mello, M. F., Anderson, G. M., Wilkinson, C. W., & Price, L. H. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.002 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials
Parham, S., Kharazi, A. Z., Bakhsheshi‐Rad, H. R., Nur, H., Ismail, A. F., Sharif, S., Ramakrishna, S., & Berto, F. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9121309 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Viola, H., Wasowski, C., de Stein, M. L., Wolfman, C., Silveira, R., Dajas, F., Medina, J., & Paladini, A. (1995) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2006-958058 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Abbas, F., Ke, Y., Yu, R., Yue, Y., Amanullah, S., Jahangir, M., & Fan, Y. (2017) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-017-2749-x · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Role of Apigenin in Cancer Prevention via the Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy
Sung, B., Chung, H. Y., & Kim, N. D. (2016) · Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.15430/jcp.2016.21.4.216 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Chamomile Extract in Various Human Cancer Cells
Srivastava, J. K., & Gupta, S. (2007) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf071953k · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Mohammed, Y. H., Ghaidaa, J. M., & Imad, H. H. (2016) · Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy · doi:10.5897/jpp2015.0364 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Antioxidant and anticancer activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.)
Al-Dabbagh, B., Elhaty, I. A., Elhaw, M., et al. (2019) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-018-3960-y · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Shareef, H. K., Muhammed, H. J., Hussein, H. M., et al. (2016) · Oriental Journal Of Chemistry · doi:10.13005/ojc/320207 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF MATRICARIA RECUTITA-A REVIEW
Gupta, V. S., Mittal, P., Bansal, P., Khokra, S. L., & Kaushik, D. (2010) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research · doi:10.25004/ijpsdr.2010.020102 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Mekonnen, A., Yitayew, B., Tesema, A., & Taddese, S. (2016) · International Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1155/2016/9545693 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Gupta (2010) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm_00000545 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
α-(-)-bisabolol Reduces Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production and Ameliorates Skin Inflammation
Maurya, A. K., Singh, M., Dubey, V., Srivastava, S., Luqman, S., & Bawankule, D. U. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology · doi:10.2174/1389201015666140528152946 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Menghini, L., Ferrante, C., Leporini, L., Recinella, L., Chiavaroli, A., Leone, S., Pintore, G., Vacca, M., Orlando, G., & Brunetti, L. (2016) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.5655 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Ramadan, M., Goeters, S., Watzer, B., Krause, E., Lohmann, K., Bauer, R., Hempel, B., & Imming, P. (2006) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/np0601556 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Chandrashekhar, V. M., Halagali, K. S., Nidavani, R. B., et al. (2011) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.029 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Wang, W., Yue, R.-F., Jin, Z., He, L., Shen, R., Du, D., & Tang, Y. (2020) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/jphp.13347 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Kim, M., Jung, J., Jeong, N. Y., et al. (2019) · Anatomical Science International · doi:10.1007/s12565-019-00486-2 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Characterization ofMatricaria recutita L. Flower extracts by HPLC-MS and HPLC-DAD analysis
Mulinacci, N., Romani, A., Pinelli, P., et al. (2000) · Chromatographia · doi:10.1007/bf02490607 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Amsterdam, J. D., Li, Q. S., Xie, S. X., & Mao, J. J. J. (2019) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2019.0252 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Kazemian, H., Ghafourian, S., Heidari, H., Amiri, P., Kardan-Yamchi, J., Shavalipour, A., Houri, H., Maleki, A., & Sadeghifard, N. (2015) · Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0065-2015 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Chauhan, R., Singh, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, V., Kumar, A., Rathore, S., Kumar, R., & Singh, S. (2021) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants11010029 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Göğer, G., Demırcı, B., Ilgın, S., et al. (2018) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.04.024 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Franz, C. M., Bauer, R., Carle, R., Milano, D. T., Tubaro, A., & Zitterl‐Eglseer, K. (2007) · EFSA Supporting Publications · doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2007.zn-001 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Lee, S.-H., Heo, Y., & Kim, Y.-C. (2010) · Journal of Veterinary Science · doi:10.4142/jvs.2010.11.1.35 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Catani, M. V., Rinaldi, F., Tullio, V., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221910601 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Yamada, K., MIURA, T., Mimaki, Y., & Sashida, Y. (1996) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.19.1244 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Analysis of phenolic compounds in Matricaria chamomilla and its extracts by UPLC-UV.
Haghi, G., Hatami, A., Safaei, A., et al. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Farideh, Z. Z., Bagher, M., Amirzargar, A., Akram, A., & Kazem, M. (2010) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Gao, H., Yu, X., Hu, H.-B., et al. (2021) · Cardiovascular Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s12012-021-09662-1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Zhao, J., Khan, S. I., Wang, M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/np400780n · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Koch, C., Reichling, J., Kehm, R., et al. (2008) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1211/jpp.60.11.0017 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Leishmanicidal activity of α-bisabolol from Tunisian chamomile essential oil
Hajaji, S., Sifaoui, I., López‐Arencibia, A., Reyes-Batllé, M., Jiménez, I. A., Bazzocchi, I. L., Valladares, B., Akkari, H., Lorenzo‐Morales, J., & Piñero, J. E. (2018) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-018-5975-7 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Chamomile tea: Source of a glucuronoxylan with antinociceptive, sedative and anxiolytic-like effects
Chaves, P. F. P., Hocayen, P. D. A. S., Dallazen, J. L., Werner, M. F. D. P., Iacomini, M., Andreatini, R., & Cordeiro, L. M. C. (2020) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.039 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Tai, Y., Hou, X., Liu, C., et al. (2020) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-020-6579-z · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Weber, L., Kuck, K., Jürgenliemk, G., Heilmann, J., Lipowicz, B., & Vissiennon, C. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10071033 · Cited by 51 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The results suggest that chamomile flower extracts can be used for the alleviation of inflammation associated with IBS.”
BackgroundInfluentialKobayashi, Y., Takahashi, R., & Ogino, F. (2005) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.003 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Revisited anti-inflammatory activity of matricine in vitro: Comparison with chamazulene
Flemming, M., Kraus, B., Rascle, A., Jürgenliemk, G., Fuchs, S., Fürst, R., & Heilmann, J. (2015) · Fitoterapia · doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2015.08.010 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Essential Oil of ChamomileChamomilla recutita(L.) Rausch. from Iran
Pino, J. A., Bayat, F., Marbot, R., et al. (2002) · Journal of Essential Oil Research · doi:10.1080/10412905.2002.9699903 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Andreucci, A. C., Ciccarelli, D., Desideri, I., et al. (2008) · Annales Botanici Fennici · doi:10.5735/085.045.0102 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Chamomile as a potential remedy for obesity and metabolic syndrome
Bayliak, M. M., Dmytriv, T. R., Melnychuk, A. V., Strilets, N. V., Storey, K. B., & Lushchak, V. I. (2021) · EXCLI journal · doi:10.17179/excli2021-4013 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Tsivelika, N., Irakli, M. N., Mavromatis, A. G., Chatzopoulou, P. S., & Karioti, A. (2021) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods10102345 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Tomic´, M. A., Popović, V. B., Petrović, S., et al. (2013) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.5057 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A New Nonpeptide Tachykinin NK1 Receptor Antagonist Isolated from the Plants of Compositae.
Yamamoto, A., Nakamura, K., Furukawa, K., et al. (2002) · Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/cpb.50.47 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sebaï, H., Jabri, M., Souli, A., Hosni, K., Rtibi, K., Tebourbi, O., Benna, J. E., & Sakly, M. (2015) · General Physiology and Biophysics · doi:10.4149/gpb_2014039 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Shebbo, S., Joumaa, M. M. E., Kawach, R., & Borjac, J. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04082 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Morales‐Bozo, I., Ortega-Pinto, A. V., Alcayaga, G. R., et al. (2016) · Gerodontology · doi:10.1111/ger.12220 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Nephroprotective effects of (−)-α-bisabolol against ischemic-reperfusion acute kidney injury
Sampaio, T. L., de Menezes, R. R. P. P. B., da Costa, M. F. B., Meneses, G. C., Arrieta, M. C. V., Filho, A. J. M. C., de Morais, G. B., Libório, A. B., Alves, R. D. S., Evangelista, J. S. A. M., et al. (2016) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2016.11.008 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Efficacy of Chamomile in the Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Khalesi, Z. B., Beiranvand, S. P., & Bokaie, M. (2019) · Journal of pharmacopuncture · doi:10.3831/kpi.2019.22.028 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Hajaji, S., Sifaoui, I., López‐Arencibia, A., et al. (2017) · Acta Parasitologica · doi:10.1515/ap-2017-0036 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Evaluation of Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Luteolin in Mice
Fan, X., Du, K., Li, N., et al. (2018) · Journal of Environmental Pathology Toxicology and Oncology · doi:10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2018027666 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
In vivo Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activities of Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile)
Kazemian, H., Ghafourian, S., Sadeghifard, N., et al. (2018) · Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871526516666161230123133 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of Ten Commercially Available Essential Oils
Ribeiro, S. O., Fontaine, V., Mathieu, V., Zhiri, A., Baudoux, D., Stévigny, C., & Souard, F. (2020) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics9100717 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Elhadad, M. A., El‐Negoumy, E., Taalab, M. R., Ibrahim, R. S., & Elsaka, R. O. (2020) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.13749 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Constituents of Brazilian Chamomile Oil
Matos, F. J. A., Machado, M. I. L., Alencar, J. W., et al. (1993) · Journal of Essential Oil Research · doi:10.1080/10412905.1993.9698234 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Hashemi, P., Babaei, J. F., Vazifekhah, S., et al. (2019) · PubMed · doi:10.22038/ijbms.2019.33892.8064 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
El-Salamouni, N. S., Ali, M. M., Abdelhady, S. A., Kandil, L. S., Elbatouti, G. A., & Farid, R. M. (2019) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2020.1699054 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Sayed, S. M. E., Aboonq, M. S., Rashedy, A. G. E., Aljehani, Y. T., El-Magd, R. M. A., Okashah, A. M., El-Anzi, M. E., Alharbi, M. B., El-Tahlawi, R., Nabo, M. M. H., et al. (2020) · PubMed Central · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Silveira, V., Rubio, K. T. S., & Martucci, M. E. P. (2022) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115580 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Awaad, A. S., El‐Meligy, R. M., Zain, G. M., et al. (2018) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.6086 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Study on Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobileL. All.) Oil
Antonelli, A., & Fabbri, C. (1998) · Journal of Essential Oil Research · doi:10.1080/10412905.1998.9700974 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Effect of Chamomile Oil on Cesarean Section Pain in Primiparous Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Zardosht, R., Basiri, A., Sahebkar, A., et al. (2020) · Current Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1574884715666200331133157 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Vissiennon, C., Goos, K.-H., Arnhold, J., et al. (2017) · Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s10354-016-0538-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ling, C., Zheng, L., Yu, X., et al. (2020) · Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110463 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Slovak gene pool of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and comparison in its parameters
Саламон, І. (2004) · Horticultural Science · doi:10.17221/3795-hortsci · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chamomile reveals to be a potent galactogogue: the unexpected effect
Silva, F., Dias, F., Costa, G., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2016.1274300 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ebada, M. E. (2018) · Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências · doi:10.1590/0001-3765201820170825 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Chauhan, E. S., & Aishwarya, J. (2018) · International Journal of Phytomedicine · doi:10.5138/09750185.2249 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Atar, Y., Karaketir, S., Aydoğdu, İ., et al. (2021) · Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology · doi:10.1177/00034894211025411 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Effect of Chamomile Hydroalcoholic Extract on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rat.
Hemmati, A. A., Jalali, A., & Keshavarz, P. (2018) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chang, T.-M., Wu, C.-C., Huang, H.-C., Lu, J.-Y., Chuang, C.-H., Kao, P.-L., Tang, W.-H., Liu, L. T.-C., Qiu, W.-Y., Percec, I., et al. (2025) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics12050186 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sah, A., Naseef, P. P., Kuruniyan, M. S., Jain, G. K., Zakir, F., & Aggarwal, G.
- Affiliations
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University (IN)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna 679321, India
- Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author
- Zakir, Foziyah
- Aggarwal, Geeta
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pharmaceuticals
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-10-19
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1284
- ISSN
- 1424-8247 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9611340
- OpenAlex
- W4306835780
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 13
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Pharmaceuticals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- King Khalid University (RGP 2/218/43)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
- Keywords
- chamomile, Chamaemelum nobile, flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, analgesic activity, antimicrobial activity, hepatoprotection, anti-allergic activity, anticancer activity, antihypertensive effect, central nervous system disorders, metabolic syndrome, mechanism of action
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
