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Next-Generation Wound Care: A Scoping Review on Probiotic, Prebiotic, Synbiotic, and Postbiotic Cutaneous Formulations

Machado, Patrícia, Ribeiro, Felipe Neme, Giublin, Fernanda Cristina Wroblevski, Mieres, Naomi Gerzvolf, Tonin, Fernanda Stumpf, Pontarolo, Roberto, Sari, Marcel Henrique Marcondes, Lazo, Raul Edison Luna, Ferreira, Luana Mota·2025·Pharmaceuticals
DOI 10.3390/ph18050704
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Chronic wounds represent a significant socioeconomic burden, affecting 1–2% of the global population. Wound healing is a complex process involving inflammation, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling, but factors such as infections, diabetes, aging, and poor nutrition can impair recovery, leading to chronic wounds. Given these challenges, researchers have explored topical probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as alternatives strategies. Strains like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium contribute to skin restoration by producing antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory compounds, offering a novel approach to cutaneous restoration. Our study aims to address the potential effects of topical probiotic, synbiotic, and postbiotic formulations for wound healing applications by means of a broad scoping review and evidence-gap mapping. Methods: A systematic literature search of preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo) was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (January 2025), yielding 3052 articles after duplicates removal, of which 44 met the inclusion criteria. Results: These studies were published between 1986 and 2024, mostly by China (27.3%) and Iran (25.0%). Probiotics were frequently evaluated among the studies included (47.7%) (with Lactobacillus plantarum being the most assessed strain), followed by postbiotics (36.4%) (with predominant use of cell-free supernatants) and synbiotics (15.9%) (especially fructooligosaccharides). Dosage forms included gels (44.4%), films (15.6%), and ointments (13.3%). Conclusions: Most studies indicate that probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, while promoting angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, and skin barrier restoration. The use of different delivery systems may additionally enhance therapeutic outcomes by accelerating wound closure, reducing bacterial load, and modulating immune response. However, methodological limitations in animal studies highlight the need for greater experimental rigor. Further robust clinical trials are essential to confirm efficacy and safety before clinical application of these formulations.

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Metadata

Authors
Machado, P., Ribeiro, F. N., Giublin, F. C. W., Mieres, N. G., Tonin, F. S., Pontarolo, R., Sari, M. H. M., Lazo, R. E. L., & Ferreira, L. M.
Venue
Pharmaceuticals
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2025-05-09
Volume
18
Issue
5
Pages
704
ISSN
1424-8247
DOI
10.3390/ph18050704
Cited by
44
References
6
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
CNPq, Brazil (176655/2023-9, 406436/2022-3)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Next-Generation Wound Care: A Scoping Review on Probiotic, Prebiotic, Synbiotic, and Postbiotic Cutaneous Formulations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/ph18050704
The paper
Machado, P., Ribeiro, F. N., Giublin, F. C. W., Mieres, N. G., Tonin, F. S., Pontarolo, R., Sari, M. H. M., Lazo, R. E. L., & Ferreira, L. M. (2025). Next-Generation Wound Care: A Scoping Review on Probiotic, Prebiotic, Synbiotic, and Postbiotic Cutaneous Formulations. Pharmaceuticals. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18050704