Enhanced Transdermal Permeability via Constructing the Porous Structure of Poloxamer-Based Hydrogel
Open accessAbstract
A major concern for transdermal drug delivery systems is the low bioavailability of targeted drugs primarily caused by the skin’s barrier function. The resistance to the carrier matrix for the diffusion and transport of drugs, however, is routinely ignored. This study reports a promising and attractive approach to reducing the resistance to drug transport in the carrier matrix, to enhance drug permeability and bioavailability via enhanced concentration-gradient of the driving force for transdermal purposes. This approach simply optimizes and reconstructs the porous channel structure of the carrier matrix, namely, poloxamer 407 (P407)-based hydrogel matrix blended with carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCs). Addition of CMCs was found to distinctly improve the porous structure of the P407 matrix. The pore size approximated to normal distribution as CMCs were added and the fraction of pore number was increased by over tenfold. Transdermal studies showed that P407/CMCs saw a significant increase in drug permeability across the skin. This suggests that P407/CMC with improved porous structure exhibits a feasible and promising way for the development of transdermal therapy with high permeability and bioavailability, thereby avoiding or reducing use of any chemical enhancers.
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Textile-based transdermal therapy using drug-loaded hydrogels made of stimuli-responsive polymers has become an effective means of skin care.
“Textile-based transdermal therapy using drug loaded hydrogels made of stimuli-responsive polymers has become an effective means of skin care [35,43,44,45].”
From Review of Stimuli-Responsive Polymers in Drug Delivery and Textile Application (2019) · cites this paper as [44]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes a temperature-responsive, drug-loaded hydrogel for transdermal delivery, and the Discussion (page unavailable) reports improved drug permeability across skin. The paper does not establish that the therapy is textile-based or that it has become an effective means of skin care; its permeability tests used excised porcine skin, as described in Methods §2.6. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCarboxymethyl cellulose is capable of forming thermo-responsive hydrogel.
“The carbomethyl cellulose, which is another functional derivative of cellulose, is capable of forming thermo-responsive hydrogel.”
From Review of Stimuli-Responsive Polymers in Drug Delivery and Textile Application (2019) · cites this paper as [44]
The Introduction identifies poloxamer 407 as the thermosensitive polymer and says carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCs) was added to reinforce and regulate the poloxamer matrix. The Results (section 3.1; page unavailable) show that the P407/CMCs composite has a gelation transition temperature, but the paper does not establish that CMC itself can form a thermoresponsive hydrogel. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Wang, W.-Y., Hui, P., Wat, E., Ng, F., Kan, C.-W., Lau, C., & Leung, P.-C.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Kan, Chi-Wai
- Venue
- Polymers
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-11-21
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 406
- ISSN
- 2073-4360 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6432284
- OpenAlex
- W2553594401
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Polymers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- transdermal drug delivery, Pluronic F127, hydrogels, carboxymethyl cellulose, porous structure, drug permeability, skin barrier, bioavailability, pore size distribution, transdermal patch
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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