PC5-based cellular-V2X evolution and deployment
Open accessAbstract
C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything) is a state-of-the-art wireless technology used in autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). This technology has extended the coverage and blind-spot detection of autonomous driving vehicles. Economically, C-V2X is much more cost-effective than the traditional sensors that are commonly used by autonomous driving vehicles. This cost-benefit makes it more practical in a large scale deployment. PC5-based C-V2X uses an RF (Radio Frequency) sidelink direct communication for low latency mission-critical vehicle sensor connectivity. Over the C-V2X radio communications, the autonomous driving vehicle’s sensor ability can now be largely enhanced to the distances as far as the network covers. In 2020, 5G is commercialized worldwide, and Taiwan is at the forefront. Operators and governments are keen to see its implications in people’s daily life brought by its low latency, high reliability, and high throughput. Autonomous driving class L3 (Conditional Automation) or L4 (Highly Automation) are good examples of 5G’s advanced applications. In these applications, the mobile networks with URLLC (Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication) are perfectly demonstrated. Therefore, C-V2X evolution and 5G NR (New Radio) deployment coincide and form a new ecosystem. This ecosystem will change how people will drive and how transportation will be managed in the future. In this paper, the following topics are covered. Firstly, the benefits of C-V2X communication technology. Secondly, the standards of C-V2X and C-V2X applications for automotive road safety system which includes V2P/V2I/V2V/V2N, and artificial intelligence in VRU (Vulnerable Road User) detection, object recognition and movement prediction for collision warning and prevention. Thirdly, PC5-based C-V2X deployment status in global, especially in Taiwan. Lastly, current challenges and conclusions of C-V2X development.
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The 3GPP Release-17 specifications allow Mode-A or Mode-B resource allocation for sidelink (SL) communication.
“The 3GPP Release-17 specifications allow Mode-A or Mode-B resource allocation for sidelink (SL) communication [75].”
From Towards 6G V2X Sidelink: Survey of Resource Allocation—Mathematical Formulations, Challenges, and Proposed Solutions (2024) · cites this paper as [75]
Section 3.2 (NR-V2X; page unavailable) describes two sidelink modes, Mode 1 and Mode 2, and explains how resources are allocated. It discusses Release 17 only in connection with a proposed sidelink relaying architecture; it does not say that Release 17 allows Mode-A or Mode-B resource allocation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Miao, L., Virtusio, J. J., & Hua, K.-L.
- Affiliations
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Hua, Kai-Lung
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-01-27
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 843
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7865993
- OpenAlex
- W3123783367
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, India
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST109-2221-E011-125-MY3, MOST109-2221-E001-016, MOST109-2218-E011-010)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Traffic control and management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Transportation Systems and Logistics
- Keywords
- C-V2X, 5G NR, autonomous driving, intelligent transportation systems, ultra-reliable low-latency communication, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, vehicle-to-pedestrian communication, collision warning, Taiwan
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