Cited by 733D Shape Modeling and AnalysisAdvanced Neural Network Applications3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage

Recent Advancements in Learning Algorithms for Point Clouds: An Updated Overview

Open access
Camuffo, Elena, Mari, Daniele, Milani, Simone·2022·Sensors

Abstract

Recent advancements in self-driving cars, robotics, and remote sensing have widened the range of applications for 3D Point Cloud (PC) data. This data format poses several new issues concerning noise levels, sparsity, and required storage space; as a result, many recent works address PC problems using Deep Learning (DL) solutions thanks to their capability to automatically extract features and achieve high performances. Such evolution has also changed the structure of processing chains and posed new problems to both academic and industrial researchers. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest state-of-the-art DL approaches for the most crucial PC processing operations, i.e., semantic scene understanding, compression, and completion. With respect to the existing reviews, the work proposes a new taxonomical classification of the approaches, taking into account the characteristics of the acquisition set up, the peculiarities of the acquired PC data, the presence of side information (depending on the adopted dataset), the data formatting, and the characteristics of the DL architectures. This organization allows one to better comprehend some final performance comparisons on common test sets and cast a light on the future research trends.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/s22041357

Cites

116 of 116 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 22

  1. [39]Chang A.X. Funkhouser T. Guibas L. Hanrahan P. Huang Q. Li Z. Savarese S. Savva M. Song S. Su H. Shapenet: An information-rich 3d model repository arXiv 2015 1512.03012
  2. [40]Fellbaum C. WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database MIT Press Cambridge, MA, USA 1998
  3. [42]MPEG 3DG Requirements Common Test Conditions for Point Cloud Compression—Doc. N17229 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio Meeting Proceedings ISO/IEC Geneva, Switzerland 2017
  4. [45]Gao B. Pan Y. Li C. Geng S. Zhao H. Are We Hungry for 3D LiDAR Data for Semantic Segmentation? arXiv 2021 abs/2006.04307 · arXiv
  5. [46]Griffiths D. Boehm J. SynthCity: A large-scale synthetic point cloud arXiv 2019 1907.04758
  6. [50]Qi C.R. Yi L. Su H. Guibas L.J. Pointnet++: Deep hierarchical feature learning on point sets in a metric space arXiv 2017 1706.02413
  7. [57]Graham B. van der Maaten L. Submanifold sparse convolutional networks arXiv 2017 1706.01307
  8. [59]Rosu R.A. Schütt P. Quenzel J. Behnke S. Latticenet: Fast point cloud segmentation using permutohedral lattices arXiv 2019 1912.05905
  9. [62]Simonyan K. Zisserman A. Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition arXiv 2014 1409.1556
  10. [69]Iandola F.N. Han S. Moskewicz M.W. Ashraf K. Dally W.J. Keutzer K. SqueezeNet: AlexNet-level accuracy with 50× fewer parameters and <0.5 MB model size arXiv 2016 1602.07360
  11. [76]Li Y. Bu R. Sun M. Wu W. Di X. Chen B. Pointcnn: Convolution on x-transformed points Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 2018 31 820 830
  12. [79]Fan H. Yang Y. PointRNN: Point recurrent neural network for moving point cloud processing arXiv 2019 1910.08287
  13. [84]Vaswani A. Shazeer N. Parmar N. Uszkoreit J. Jones L. Gomez A.N. Kaiser Ł. Polosukhin I. Attention is all you need Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Long Beach, CA, USA 4–9 December 2017 5998 6008
  14. [95]Ballé J. Minnen D. Singh S. Hwang S.J. Johnston N. Variational image compression with a scale hyperprior arXiv 2018 1802.01436
  15. [96]Minnen D. Ballé J. Toderici G. Joint autoregressive and hierarchical priors for learned image compression arXiv 2018 1809.02736
  16. [98]Kingma D.P. Welling M. Auto-encoding variational bayes arXiv 2013 1312.6114
  17. [99]Makhzani A. Shlens J. Jaitly N. Goodfellow I. Frey B. Adversarial autoencoders arXiv 2015 1511.05644
  18. [107]Wang J. Zhu H. Ma Z. Chen T. Liu H. Shen Q. Learned point cloud geometry compression arXiv 2019 1909.12037
  19. [111]Berger M. Tagliasacchi A. Seversky L. Alliez P. Levine J. Sharf A. Silva C. State of the art in surface reconstruction from point clouds Proceedings of the Eurographics 2014 Strasbourg, France 7–11 April 2014 Volume 1 161 185
  20. [113]Nealen A. Igarashi T. Sorkine O. Alexa M. Laplacian mesh optimization Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques in Australasia and Southeast Asia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 29 November–2 December 2006 381 389
  21. [122]Pauly M. Mitra N.J. Giesen J. Gross M.H. Guibas L.J. Example-based 3d scan completion Proceedings of the Symposium on Geometry Processing Vienna, Austria 4–6 July 2005 23 32
  22. [132]Sabour S. Frosst N. Hinton G.E. Dynamic routing between capsules arXiv 2017 1710.09829

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Camuffo, E., Mari, D., & Milani, S.
Affiliations
University of Padua (IT)
Corresponding author
Milani, Simone
Venue
Sensors
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-02-10
Volume
22
Issue
4
Pages
1357
ISSN
1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4211010347
Cited by
73
References
116
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 7
FWCI
1.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
University of Padua (SID 2008 SartreMR project)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › 3D Shape Modeling and Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geology › 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
Keywords
3D point clouds, point cloud processing, semantic scene understanding, point cloud compression, point cloud completion, side information, autonomous driving, robotics, remote sensing
MeSH terms
Cloud Computing, Algorithms, Semantics

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review