A Smart Wristband Integrated with an IoT-Based Alarming System for Real-Time Sweat Alcohol Monitoring
Open accessAbstract
Breathalyzer is a common approach to measuring blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels of individuals suspected of drunk driving. Nevertheless, this device is relatively high-cost, inconvenient for people with limited breathing capacity, and risky for COVID-19 exposure. Here, we designed and developed a smart wristband integrating a real-time noninvasive sweat alcohol metal oxide (MOX) gas sensor with a Drunk Mate, an Internet of Thing (IoT)-based alarming system. A MOX sensor acquired transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) which was converted to BAC and sent via the IoT network to the Blynk application platform on a smartphone, triggering alarming messages on LINE Notify. A user would receive an immediate alarming message when his BAC level reached an illegal alcohol concentration limit (BAC 50 mg%; TAC 0.70 mg/mL). The sensor readings showed a high linear correlation with TAC (R2 = 0.9815; limit of detection = 0.045 mg/mL) in the range of 0.10–1.05 mg/mL alcohol concentration in artificial sweat, achieving an accuracy of 94.66%. The sensor readings of ethanol in water were not statistically significantly different (p > 0.05) from the measurements in artificial sweat and other sweat-related solutions, suggesting that the device responded specifically to ethanol and was not affected by other electrolytes in the artificial sweat. Moreover, the device could continuously monitor TAC levels simulated in real-time in an artificial sweat testing system. With the integration of an IoT-based alarming system, the smart wristband developed from a commercial gas sensor presented here offers a promising low-cost MOX gas sensor monitoring technology for noninvasive and real-time sweat alcohol measurement and monitoring.
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Label-based optical techniques are colorimetric or fluorometric methods that have demonstrated great promise for monitoring metabolites, glucose, and other biomarkers in sweat, tears, or interstitial fluid.
“Label-based optical techniques are colorimetric or fluorometric methods [172] which have demonstrated great promise for monitoring of metabolites, glucose, and other biomarkers in sweat, tears, or interstitial fluid, providing valuable insights for disease management and preventive healthcare [173,174].”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [174]
A smart wristband equipped with a non-invasive sweat alcohol sensor and an IoT-based alarm system known as "Drunk Mate" could detect alcohol levels in real-time and send alerts to the user's smartphone when their blood alcohol concentration reaches an illegal limit.
“For instance, researchers designed a smart wristband equipped with a non-invasive sweat alcohol sensor and an IoT-based alarm system known as “Drunk Mate.” This wristband could detect alcohol levels in real-time and send alerts to the user’s smartphone when their blood alcohol concentration reaches an illegal limit [174].”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [174]
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- Authors
- Khemtonglang, K., Chaiyaphet, N., Kumsaen, T., Chaiyachati, C., & Chuchuen, O.
- Affiliations
- Khon Kaen University (TH)
- Corresponding author
- Chuchuen, Oranat
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-08-26
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 6435
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9460546
- OpenAlex
- W4293660863
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand (FDA-CO-2563-11940-TH, RP-65-3-001)
- the Research Program, Research and Graduate studies, Khon Kaen University (FDA-CO-2563-11940-TH, RP-65-3-001)
- Research Fund of the Faculty of Engineering at Khon Kaen University under the Research Scholarship for Undergraduate Student Projects (FDA-CO-2563-11940-TH, RP-65-3-001)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Keywords
- smart wristband, blood alcohol concentration, metal oxide gas sensors, drunk driving detection, Blynk, artificial sweat, ethanol detection, low-cost wearable device
- MeSH terms
- Blood Alcohol Content, Smartphone, COVID-19, Ethanol, Humans, Sweat
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