Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review
Abstract
Wearable sensors have garnered considerable recent interest owing to their tremendous promise for a plethora of applications. Yet the absence of reliable non-invasive chemical sensors has greatly hindered progress in the area of on-body sensing. Electrochemical sensors offer considerable promise as wearable chemical sensors that are suitable for diverse applications owing to their high performance, inherent miniaturization, and low cost. A wide range of wearable electrochemical sensors and biosensors has been developed for real-time non-invasive monitoring of electrolytes and metabolites in sweat, tears, or saliva as indicators of a wearer's health status. With continued innovation and attention to key challenges, such non-invasive electrochemical sensors and biosensors are expected to open up new exciting avenues in the field of wearable wireless sensing devices and body-sensor networks, and thus find considerable use in a wide range of personal health-care monitoring applications, as well as in sport and military applications.
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The electrochemical method is the most popular way for sweat analysis owing to relatively high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid response, and good compatibility.
“The electrochemical method is the most popular way owing to advantages of relatively high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid response, as well as good compatibility (16–19).”
From Integrated textile sensor patch for real-time and multiplex sweat analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
Commercial hand-held sensors, such as ACCU-CHEK® by Roche Diagnostics, iSTAT® by Abbot, and Lactate Scout® by Sports Resource Group, exist for the measurement of metabolites and electrolytes.
“This has led to the development of commercial hand-held sensors, such as ACCU-CHEK® by Roche Diagnostics, iSTAT® by Abbot, and Lactate Scout® by Sports Resource Group for the measurement of metabolites and electrolytes.3”
From Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
Electrochemical wearable sensors have received considerable attention recently because of their potential to monitor a wide array of biomarkers in a continuous and non-invasive manner.
“Electrochemical wearable sensors have received considerable attention recently because of their potential to monitor a wide array of biomarkers in a continuous and non-invasive manner.3”
From Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Bandodkar, A. J., & Wang, J.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Joseph
- Venue
- Trends in Biotechnology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 363-371
- ISSN
- 0167-7799 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2010683549
- Cited by
- 1,247
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 96 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 161 · 2020: 137 · 2019: 127 · 2018: 118 · 2017: 88 · 2016: 78 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Bioengineering › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Keywords
- wearable sensors, electrochemical sensor, non-invasive sensing, biosensors, sweat analysis, electrolyte monitoring, metabolite monitoring, saliva, tears, wireless sensing, wireless body area networks, health monitoring, on-body sensing
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Saliva, Sweat, Tears, Biosensing Techniques, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Electrochemical Techniques, Wireless Technology
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