The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metaverse in Healthcare Integrated with Explainable AI and Blockchain: Enabling Immersiveness, Ensuring Trust, and Providing Patient Data Security
Open accessAbstract
Digitization and automation have always had an immense impact on healthcare. It embraces every new and advanced technology. Recently the world has witnessed the prominence of the metaverse which is an emerging technology in digital space. The metaverse has huge potential to provide a plethora of health services seamlessly to patients and medical professionals with an immersive experience. This paper proposes the amalgamation of artificial intelligence and blockchain in the metaverse to provide better, faster, and more secure healthcare facilities in digital space with a realistic experience. Our proposed architecture can be summarized as follows. It consists of three environments, namely the doctor’s environment, the patient’s environment, and the metaverse environment. The doctors and patients interact in a metaverse environment assisted by blockchain technology which ensures the safety, security, and privacy of data. The metaverse environment is the main part of our proposed architecture. The doctors, patients, and nurses enter this environment by registering on the blockchain and they are represented by avatars in the metaverse environment. All the consultation activities between the doctor and the patient will be recorded and the data, i.e., images, speech, text, videos, clinical data, etc., will be gathered, transferred, and stored on the blockchain. These data are used for disease prediction and diagnosis by explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) models. The GradCAM and LIME approaches of XAI provide logical reasoning for the prediction of diseases and ensure trust, explainability, interpretability, and transparency regarding the diagnosis and prediction of diseases. Blockchain technology provides data security for patients while enabling transparency, traceability, and immutability regarding their data. These features of blockchain ensure trust among the patients regarding their data. Consequently, this proposed architecture ensures transparency and trust regarding both the diagnosis of diseases and the data security of the patient. We also explored the building block technologies of the metaverse. Furthermore, we also investigated the advantages and challenges of a metaverse in healthcare.
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“The authors of [16] envisioned a healthcare metaverse where AI and blockchain work together to offer secure and efficient remote health monitoring and virtual consultations.”
From Balancing Privacy and Progress: A Review of Privacy Challenges, Systemic Oversight, and Patient Perceptions in AI-Driven Healthcare (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ali, S., Abdullah, Armand, T. P. T., Athar, A., Hussain, A., Ali, M., Yaseen, M., Joo, M.-I., & Kim, H.-C.
- Affiliations
- Inje University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Joo, Moon-Il
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-01-04
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 565
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9862285
- OpenAlex
- W4313585122
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 55
- FWCI
- 66.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Korean Government (Ministry of Science and ICT) (1711139492, 2021R1I1A1A01050306)
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (1711139492, 2021R1I1A1A01050306)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- Keywords
- metaverse, health care, blockchain, explainable AI, patient data security, disease prediction, disease diagnosis, Grad-CAM, lime, avatars, data privacy, trust in healthcare
- MeSH terms
- Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Computer Security, Trust
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