Structural relationship of key factors for student satisfaction and achievement in asynchronous online learning
Open accessAbstract
This study examines the structural relationship among key factors influencing student satisfaction and achievement in online learning. A structural model was developed by considering course structure, student–student interaction, instructor presence, student engagement, student satisfaction and achievement as key factors. In order to verify the effectiveness of the developed structural model, we utilized the survey data collected from a total of 250 students enrolled in two asynchronous online courses offered at Kyung Hee University in Korea in the fall semester of 2020. Then, the collected survey data were analyzed using the structural equation model. The verification of the statistical analysis results indicates that the course structure has a more significant effect on the student satisfaction and achievement than the other key factors such as the student–student interaction, instructor presence and student engagement. It also reveals that the student engagement affects only the student satisfaction and has a mediated effect between student–student interaction and student satisfaction.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Effective interactive content reduces network loss and promotes high levels of learner engagement in learning activities, and has a positive impact on learning outcomes.
“Effective interactive content, which reduces network loss and promotes high levels of learner engagement in learning activities, has a positive impact on learning outcomes (Kim and Kim, 2021).”
From Exploring the factors influencing college students’ learning satisfaction in generative AI-supported MOOCs learning environment: a learning experience framework perspective (2025) · cites this paper as Kim and Kim, 2021
The Discussion (§4.4; page unavailable) reports that course structure positively affects academic achievement and that student-student interaction positively affects engagement. It does not report that interactive content reduces network loss. It also finds that engagement has no significant effect on academic achievement, so the claimed pathway to learning outcomes is not established. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
(1998) · Cited by 36,049 · see citing works
The Use of Cronbach’s Alpha When Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education
Taber, K. S. (2018) · Research in Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2 · Cited by 10,679 · see citing works
A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling: Fourth Edition
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2015) · doi:10.4324/9781315749105 · Cited by 6,604 · see citing works
Student Engagement and Student Learning: Testing the Linkages*
Carini, R. M., Kuh, G. D., & Klein, S. P. (2006) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-005-8150-9 · Cited by 1,799 · see citing works
Assessing Social Presence In Asynchronous Text-based Computer Conferencing
Rourke, L., Anderson, T. D., Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (1999) · AUSpace (Athabasca University) · Cited by 1,776 · see citing works
Kuh, G. D. (2003) · Change The Magazine of Higher Learning · doi:10.1080/00091380309604090 · Cited by 1,600 · see citing works
The national survey of student engagement: Conceptual and empirical foundations
Kuh, G. D. (2009) · New Directions for Institutional Research · doi:10.1002/ir.283 · Cited by 1,156 · see citing works
Swan, K. (2001) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/0158791010220208 · Cited by 1,016 · see citing works
Relationships between student engagement and academic achievement: A meta-analysis
Lei, H., Cui, Y., & Zhou, W. (2018) · Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.7054 · Cited by 987 · see citing works
Eom, S. B., Wen, H. J., & Ashill, N. (2006) · Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4609.2006.00114.x · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Virtual Classroom Characteristics and Student Satisfaction with Internet-Based MBA Courses
Arbaugh, J. B. (2000) · Organizational Behavior Teaching Review · doi:10.1177/105256290002400104 · Cited by 749 · see citing works
Paechter, M., Maier, B., & Macher, D. (2009) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.08.005 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Shea, P., Sau Li, C., & Pickett, A. (2006) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2006.06.005 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Predicting student satisfaction and perceived learning within online learning environments
Alqurashi, E. (2019) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2018.1553562 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Garrison, D. R. (2000) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v1i1.2 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Gray, J. A., & DiLoreto, M. (2016) · The international journal of educational leadership preparation · Cited by 568 · see citing works
How do online course design features influence student performance?
Jaggars, S. S., & Xu, D. (2016) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2016.01.014 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
A predictive study of student satisfaction in online education programs
Kuo, Y.-C., Walker, A. E., Belland, B. R., & Schroder, K. E. E. (2013) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v14i1.1338 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Introduction to structural equation modeling
Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2019) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781119422730.ch1 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Interaction in distance education and online learning: using evidence and theory to improve practice
Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Bures, E. M., Borokhovski, E., & Tamim, R. M. (2011) · Journal of Computing in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s12528-011-9043-x · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Dennen, V. P., Aubteen Darabi, A., & Smith, L. J. (2007) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587910701305319 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Using the Modification Index and Standardized Expected Parameter Change for Model Modification
Whittaker, T. A. (2011) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2010.531299 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Exploring Factors, and Indicators for Measuring Students’ Sustainable Engagement in e-Learning
Lee, J., Song, H.-D., & Hong, A. J. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11040985 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Hill, J. R., Song, L., & West, R. E. (2009) · American Journal of Distance Education · doi:10.1080/08923640902857713 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Ma, J., Han, X., Yang, J., & Cheng, J. (2014) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2014.09.005 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Dong, Y., Xu, C., Chai, C. S., & Zhai, X. (2019) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-019-00461-5 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
DEVELOPING LEARNING COMMUNITY IN ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS COLLEGE COURSES: THE ROLE OF TEACHING PRESENCE
Shea, P., Li, C. S., Swan, K. P., & Pickett, A. (2005) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v9i4.1779 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Theory and distance education: A new discussion
Simonson, M. R., Schlosser, C., & Hanson, D. (1999) · American Journal of Distance Education · doi:10.1080/08923649909527014 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Exploring asynchronous and synchronous tool use in online courses
Öztok, M., Zingaro, D., Brett, C., & Hewitt, J. (2012) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.08.007 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Recent contributions to the theory of distance education
Moore, M. G. (1990) · Open Learning The Journal of Open Distance and e-Learning · doi:10.1080/0268051900050303 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
LaPointe, D. K., & Gunawardena, C. N. (2004) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/0158791042000212477 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Peters, O. (1999) · Education + Training · doi:10.1108/et.1999.41.8.384.3 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Predictors of Learner Satisfaction and Transfer of Learning in a Corporate Online Education Program
Gunawardena, C. N., Linder-VanBerschot, J. A., LaPointe, D. K., & Rao, L. (2010) · American Journal of Distance Education · doi:10.1080/08923647.2010.522919 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Best Practices for Online Business Education
Grandzol, C. J., & Grandzol, J. R. (2006) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v7i1.246 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Interaction and virtual learning
Hay, A., Hodgkinson, M., Peltier, J. W., & Drago, W. A. (2004) · Strategic Change · doi:10.1002/jsc.679 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling
Shin, Y. (2016) · Journal of Research Methodology · doi:10.21487/jrm.2016.05.1.1.119 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Borokhovski, E., Tamim, R. M., Bernard, R. M., Abrami, P. C., & Sokolovskaya, A. (2012) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2012.723162 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
STUDENT SATISFACTION WITH ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING
Dziuban, C. D., Moskal, P. D., Brophy, J., & Shea, P. (2007) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v11i1.1739 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Pedagogical Interaction and Learning Performance as Determinants of Academic Achievement
Costa, C., Cardoso, A. P., de Lima, M. P., Ferreira, M., & Abrantes, J. L. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.203 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Applying Cognitive Science to Online LearningPreprint
Williams, J. J. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2535549 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 41 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Sier, A. Accessing the relationship of student-instructor and student-student interaction to student learning and satisfaction in Web-based Online Learning Environment. J. Interact. Online Learn. 2009, 8, 102-120.
- Sorensen, C.; Baylen, D.M. Interaction in Interactive Television Instruction: Perception or Reality. In Proceedings of the Conference of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), Montreal, QC, Canada, 19-23 April 1999.
- Imsa-ard, P. Thai university students' perceptions towards the abrupt transition to 'forced' online learning in the COVID-19 situation. J. Educ. Khon Univ. 2020, 43, 30-44.
- Trowler, V. Student Engagement Literature Review, The Higher Education Academy. 2010. Available online: https://d1wqtxts1 xzle7.cloudfront.net (accessed on 28 January 2021).
- Hair, J.F.; Anderson, R.E.; Tatham, R.L.; Black, W.C. Multivariate Analysis of Variance; Prentice Hall: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1992.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
She, L., Ma, L., Jan, A., Sharif Nia, H., & Rahmatpour, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.743936 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Prasetyo, Y. T., Ong, A. K. S., Concepcion, G. K. F., Navata, F. M. B., Robles, R. A. V., Tomagos, I. J. T., Young, M. N., Diaz, J. F. T., Nadlifatin, R., & Redi, A. A. N. P. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13158365 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Learners in the Metaverse: A Systematic Review on the Use of Roblox in Learning
Han, J., Liu, G., & Gao, Y. (2023) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci13030296 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Dropout in online higher education: a systematic literature review
Rahmani, A. M., Groot, W. N. J., & Rahmani, H. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-024-00450-9 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Han, J., Geng, X., & Wang, Q. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132111655 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Hazzam, J., & Wilkins, S. (2023) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104809 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Younas, M. S., Noor, U., Zhou, X., Menhas, R., & Qingyu, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.948061 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Zheng, Y., & Xiao, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1276266 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Factors Influencing Online Learning Satisfaction
Yu, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.852360 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Sayaf, A. M. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13014 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Investigating Learners’ Perceptions of Microlearning: Factors Influencing Learning Outcomes
Monib, W. K., Qazi, A., Apong, R. A. A. H. M., & Mahmud, M. M. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3472113 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Li, X., Odhiambo, F. A., & Ocansey, D. K. W. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1095073 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Kim, S., Cho, S., Kim, J. Y., & Kim, D. J. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15032049 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationMohammed, S. Y., Aljanabi, M., & Gadekallu, T. R. (2024) · International Journal of Cognitive Computing in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ijcce.2024.02.001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Lu, K., Pang, F., & Shadiev, R. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-11591-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Baños, R., Calleja-Núñez, J. J., Espinoza-Gutiérrez, R., & Granero‐Gallegos, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1178500 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Yu, F., Chen, Q., & Hou, B. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132313379 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., & Meng, Z. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104202 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Students’ experience of interpersonal interactions quality in e-Learning: A qualitative research
Mojtahedzadeh, R., Hasanvand, S., Mohammadi, A., Malmir, S., & Vatankhah, M. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0298079 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mensah, C., Kugbonu, M. A., Appietu, M. E., Nti, G. A., & Forson, M. A. (2024) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2024.2335803 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Al-Kahtani, N. K. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10632 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Yossatorn, Y., Binali, T., Weng, C., & Awuor, N. O. (2022) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2022.2048074 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
AL-Qadri, A. H., Mouas, S., Saraa, N., & Boudouaia, A. (2024) · Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education · doi:10.1186/s40862-024-00253-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Katalinic, A., Slavuj, V., & Jakšić, D. (2026) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci16030389 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Alshathry, S., & Alojail, M. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14198889 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Student performance in online learning higher education: A preliminary research
Prabowo, H., Ikhsan, R. B., & Yuniarty, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.916721 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mistry, U., Megally, R., & Rashed, R. A. (2024) · Accounting Education · doi:10.1080/09639284.2024.2341242 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Malik, T. H., Sun, C., & Zhang, G. (2023) · Digital Economy and Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/s44265-023-00022-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Le, T. M. H., Nguyen, V. K. L., Nguyen, T. S., & Vo, N. H. (2023) · International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · doi:10.11591/ijere.v12i1.23539 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Factors Influencing Undergraduate Students’ Online Learning Outcomes: A Structural Equation Modeling
Abdullah, M. N. L. Y., Fen, T. S., Samsudin, M. A., Sim, T. Y., & Yuan, F. C. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241261834 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Academic Writing in Teaching Research Integrity
Fojkar, M. D., & Berčnik, S. (2023) · Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal · doi:10.26529/cepsj.1602 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Fearnley, M. R., Malay, C. A., & Fabia, J. N. (2022) · International Journal of Information and Education Technology · doi:10.18178/ijiet.2022.12.12.1759 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Factors Affecting Students’ Satisfaction and Academic Performance in Open & Distance Learning (ODL)
Zamri, N., Omar, N. B., Anwar, I. S. K., & Fatzel, F. H. M. (2021) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i11/11194 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Jain, A., Sharma, P. C., & Meher, J. R. (2023) · International Journal of Information and Learning Technology · doi:10.1108/ijilt-02-2023-0017 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Comparing the Effects of SPOC and Face-to-Face Courses and Factors Influencing the Effects
Han, J., & Shi, J. (2022) · International Journal of Information and Education Technology · doi:10.18178/ijiet.2022.12.6.1654 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mamidted, A. D., & Maulana, S. S. (2023) · Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal · doi:10.47175/rielsj.v4i1.639 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lv, P., Wang, X., Nie, Y., Wu, R., & Wang, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1633686 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Effective interactive content, which reduces network loss and promotes high levels of learner engagement in learning activities, has a positive impact on learning outcomes (Kim and Kim, 2021).”
Hoang, N. T., & Phong, L. B. (2025) · Journal of Posthumanism · doi:10.63332/joph.v5i4.1269 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Agormedah, E. K. (2025) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-025-00499-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Yap, X. Y., John, S., Wider, W., Sam, T. H., & Vasudevan, A. (2023) · Humanities and Social Sciences Letters · doi:10.18488/73.v11i4.3563 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Üstündağ, M. T., Solmaz, E., & Özcan, S. (2022) · Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning · doi:10.31681/jetol.1161276 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Student Engagement in Online Language Learning: A Study at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Malaysia, U. T. H. O., & Kadir, Z. A. (2023) · Journal of Social Transformation and Regional Development · doi:10.30880/jstard.2023.05.01.005 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Exploring Factors Affecting Student Learning Satisfaction during COVID-19 in South Korea
Han, J., Ryu, C. E., & Nadarajan, G. (2024) · International Conference on Frontiers of Educational Technologies (ICFET) · doi:10.1145/3678392.3678406 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Amera, F. B., Getahun, D. A., & Tolla, T. T. (2025) · Bahir Dar Journal of Education · doi:10.4314/10.4314/bdje.v25i2.9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
He, P., Edwards, J., & Schwarte, Y. (2024) · Journal of International Education in Business · doi:10.1108/jieb-05-2023-0033 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Jebril, H. (2021) · Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies · doi:10.9734/ajess/2021/v23i430565 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hoda, N., Ahmad, N., & Mahmood, R. (2022) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8512-5_51 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ling, Y.-L., & Chua, W. (2023) · JESS (Journal of Education on Social Science) · doi:10.24036/jess.v7i1.435 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Impact of Perceived Internationalization of Higher Education on Student Outcomes
Alcoba, R. C., & La-ongsri, W. (2024) · International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research · doi:10.26803/ijlter.23.10.6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
An Examination of Physical Education Technology Courses in Physical Education Teacher Education
Cox, D. G., Krause, J. M., O’Neil, K., & Brooks, C. (2025) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2023-0379 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Eom, S. B., & Ashill, N. J. (2023) · Journal of international technology and information management · doi:10.58729/1941-6679.1557 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Malca-Peralta, S. S., Ruiz, R. M. V., & Lescano, H. R. A. (2024) · Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology · doi:10.25115/ejrep.v22i62.8335 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hsieh, M.-Y. (2025) · Research in Science & Technological Education · doi:10.1080/02635143.2025.2546984 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Decoding the success of collaboration in computational thinking
Yin, S. X., Goh, D. H., & Quek, C. L. (2025) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102232 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Stančin, K., Jakšić, D., & Petrović, A. V. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00056-9_6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ma, L., Cui, H., & Zhou, X. (2026) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103280 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Soruç, A., Yüksel, D., Horzum, M. B., & Pawlak, M. (2026) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/13621688261420272 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Suseno, G., Hendarti, T., & Ramadani, S. P. (2024) · Journal Of Education And Teaching Learning (JETL) · doi:10.51178/jetl.v6i3.2076 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Phygital learning in Moroccan higher education and its impact on student satisfaction
Irgui, A., Qmichchou, M., & Haraoui, I. E. (2024) · Revue Management & Innovation · doi:10.3917/e.rmi.209.0110 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zuhairi, Z., Andayani, S., & Jarudin, J. (2024) · Conhecimento & Diversidade · doi:10.18316/rcd.v16i42.11680 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mutawa, A. M. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3572351 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Long, H., & Liu, J. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251342171 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tang, Z., Long, D., Xia, T., He, T., & Luo, J. (2025) · International Conference on Distance Education and Learning (ICDEL) · doi:10.1109/icdel65868.2025.11193641 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Setapa, M., Mamat, M., Zin, S. M., Ramli, N. H., Siddiq, D. M., Khumayah, S., Nuryanti, M., & Hadiyati, S. N. (2023) · WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS · doi:10.37394/23207.2023.20.200 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effectiveness of E-Learning Media in Asynchronous Learning: A Case Study in Higher Education
Patongloan, A., Prayogi, R., Rumambi, F. J., & Inkriwang, A. (2025) · ETDC Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review · doi:10.51574/ijrer.v4i4.3949 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Drivers of Student Learning and Development: A Serial Mediation Approach
Banker, D. V., Jaiswal, A., & Deepa, R. (2025) · Higher Education Quarterly · doi:10.1111/hequ.70089 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vélez, C. C., González-Vázquez, K. Y., Pucha, M. N. C., Olea, F. E. P., & Cobos, J. V. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1734517 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Like, Share, Improve: Student Feedback on Northwestern University’s Student Services
Parilla, E. S. (2026) · Education Policy and Development · doi:10.31098/epd.v4i1.3325 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rukmini, E., Nugraha, A. S., Angelina, H., & Christianty, D. A. (2022) · SISFORMA · doi:10.24167/sisforma.v8i2.4153 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Macêdo, M. E. C. (2022) · International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science · doi:10.22161/ijaers.95.18 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cantina, J. M., Regencia, J. E., Pagara, E. E., Murro, R. A., Rodriguez, E., & Patay, A. S. (2023) · Sprin Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.55559/sjahss.v2i02.86 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Challenges and Opportunities for Online Learning in India
Shanthini, J. K. (2022) · Recent Research Reviews Journal · doi:10.36548/rrrj.2022.1.011 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Recent development in Extended Reality technologies
Vivekanandam, B. (2023) · Recent Research Reviews Journal · doi:10.36548/rrrj.2023.1.011 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Thoradeniya, D. L., Ranasinghe, M., Nanayakkara, V., Karunarathne, B., Ranasinghe, E., Jayathilaka, G. S., & Gunawardena, N. (2023) · European Conference on e-Learning · doi:10.34190/ecel.22.1.1850 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chiu, P. H. P., So, K. Y., & Mark, K. P. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering · doi:10.1109/tale56641.2023.10398352 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kim, H. J., Khadam, N., & Ju, M.-S. (2024) · Institute of Brain-based Education Korea National University of Education · doi:10.31216/bdl.20240002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Study of College Students’ Experience in Online Learning with Gender DifferencesPreprint
Mutawa, A. M., & Sruthi, S. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1985.v2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Learning Engagement Effect on Satisfaction, and Future Preferences of Online Tax Brevet
Agustina, K. D., & Saragih, A. H. (2022) · Dinamika Pendidikan · doi:10.15294/dp.v17i1.33479
Implementing Video-Based Online Learning in an Asynchronous Setting: A Case Study at Madrasah Aliyah
Mundir, M. (2022) · AL-ISHLAH Jurnal Pendidikan · doi:10.35445/alishlah.v14i2.1114
Munfadlila, A. W. (2022) · English Education Linguistics and Literature Journal · doi:10.32678/ell.v1i2.6381
Information system design for higher education evaluation based on student's perspective
Yastica, T. V., Ardiansyah, M. N., & Pulungan, M. A. (2023) · International Journal of Innovation in Enterprise System · doi:10.25124/ijies.v7i01.169
The Impact of Online Learning on Student Engagement in English Language Learning
Kadir, Z. A., & Nawi, A. B. (2023) · International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM) · doi:10.46254/ap03.20220222
Xu, G., & Qu, J. (2023) · International Conference on e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning · doi:10.1145/3588243.3588249
A Study of College Students’ Experience in Online Learning with Gender DifferencesPreprint
Mutawa, A. M., & Sruthi, S. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202307.1985.v1
Gupta, S. (2023) · Advances in mobile and distance learning book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-4533-4.ch019
Soemantri, D., Salsabila, Z., & Yorasaki, V. (2023) · Makara Journal of Health Research · doi:10.7454/msk.v27i3.1499
Interaksi Mahasiswa pada Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Arnani, N. P. R., & Fitri, A. (2024) · Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal · doi:10.54373/imeij.v5i1.774
An Analysis of the Students’ Experience of Online Learning During Covid-19 Across India
Ghosh, S. (2024) · CSR, sustainability, ethics & governance · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49353-9_17
The Effect of Google Classroom-Assisted Learning on the Academic Achievement of Students
Sari, N. M., Yin, K. Y., & Zakariya, Z. (2024) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i4/21165
Saliba, R., & Lee, K. (2024) · Proceedings of the International Conference on Networked Learning · doi:10.54337/nlc.v13.8538
Education Reimagined: The Impact of Advanced Technologies on Learning
Khalil, M. (2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-5802-7
Analisis Efektivitas Keterlibatan Mahasiswa Terhadap Tingkat Kepuasan Dalam Perkuliahan Kelas Hybrid
Sabrina, D. M., Koswara, I., & Fuady, I. (2024) · HUMANUS Jurnal Sosiohumaniora Nusantara · doi:10.62180/pqat7z35
Enhancing Teaching Through Asynchronous Professional Development Programmes
Yuan, Y. (2025) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9102-0.ch013
Navigating the Metaverse: A Study on Cyber Security Implications
Pathirana, P. A. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-9327-3_33
Enhancing Content Marketing Design through Design Thinking and the TPACK Framework
Sathapornwachana, J. (2025) · International Journal of Information and Education Technology · doi:10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.5.2305
Predicting Student Satisfaction and Quality Management for Remote Learning in Southeast- Asia
Zhong, J. (2025) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-025-04066-2
An Empirical Study on University Students’ Satisfaction with Online Learning: A General Perspective
Ping, X., Zhu, B., & Iavorschi, A. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93061-4_12
How content complexity and sensory modality influence student satisfaction in art education
Sun, C., Xi-nan, Z., & Chen, N. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-08242-5
A Barrier-Removing Game System Related to Trigonometry
Weng, T.-S. (2024) · International Conference on Modern Educational Technology (ICMET) · doi:10.1145/3729434.3729436
- Authors
- Kim, S., & Kim, D.-J.
- Affiliations
- Center for Teaching and Learning, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Dae-Jin
- ORCID
- Kim, Dae-Jin
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-06-14
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 6734
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3171598681
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 32.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2020R1A2C1014806)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
- Social Sciences › Education › Technology-Enhanced Education Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Online Learning and Analytics
- Keywords
- asynchronous online learning, student satisfaction, academic performance, course structure, student-student interaction, teacher presence, student engagement, mediating effect, online course design
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
