CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 9Sustainable Supply Chain ManagementSustainable Design and DevelopmentEnvironmental Sustainability in Business

Design and Repair Strategies Based on Product–Service System and Remanufacturing for Value Preservation

Open access
Arredondo-Soto, Karina Cecilia, Jiménez-Zaragoza, Alejandro, Miranda-Ackerman, Marco Augusto, Blanco-Fernández, Julio, García-Lechuga, Alejandra, Hernández-Escobedo, Guadalupe, García-Alcaraz, Jorge Luis·2022·Sustainability
DOI 10.3390/su14148560
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Remanufacturing is a production practice that requires the work of producers, consumers, and the government. There are benefits associated with this production model, such as improving the environment, opportunities for cost savings, and others. However, it is essential to identify the factors that affect the possibility of acceptance of this production model. This research proposes a model based on different analysis methodologies and techniques of SEM (Structural Equations Modeling) and the method of PLS (Partial Least Squares). A total of 403 responses to the survey were collected from 1 November 2021 to 15 January 2022. For the data treatment, SPSS, Excel, and WarpPLS software were used to identify the variables, factors, and their direct and indirect effects among the latent variables, referring to a scheme focused on consumer perception based on the acquisition remanufactured products. This created model served as a reference to create and develop a design and repair strategy for White goods or similar products in handling, logistics, and repair. This design strategy was transformed into a business model based on a circular economy, particularly on a Product–Service System with social, economic, and environmental benefits for producers and consumers.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/su14148560

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Transitioning from traditional manufacturing to Product-Service System (PSS) models opens new possibilities by emphasizing access over ownership and enabling environmental benefits for both producers and consumers.

    “Transitioning from traditional manufacturing to Product-Service System (PSS) models opens new possibilities by emphasizing access over ownership and enabling environmental benefits for both producers and consumers [31].”

    From Designing for Repair and Extended Lifespan: Consumer Expectations and Economic Constraints (2026) · cites this paper as [31]

    Section 1.1 describes PSS as an alternative to the usual product model that appeals to producers and buyers. The Conclusions describe a washing-machine leasing service focused on use, and §1.4 says the study aims to minimize environmental impact. The environmental claim, however, concerns PSS combined with remanufacturing; the paper does not specifically establish environmental benefits for both producers and consumers from PSS alone. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • By retaining manufacturer responsibility for product performance over time, Product-Service System arrangements create structural incentives for designing durably and repairably from the outset.

    “by retaining manufacturer responsibility for product performance over time, PSS arrangements create structural incentives for designing durably and repairably from the outset, aligning commercial and environmental interests in ways that traditional productsale models do not [31].”

    From Designing for Repair and Extended Lifespan: Consumer Expectations and Economic Constraints (2026) · cites this paper as [31]

    Section 1.2 (page unavailable) says a well-designed PSS lets manufacturers earn revenue from services after a sale while extending product life. The proposed washing-machine leasing model also provides maintenance, repair, and replacement (Key Partners section; page unavailable). These passages support an ongoing service role and an economic interest in longer product life, but do not establish that PSS arrangements create incentives to design products durably and repairably from the outset. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • PSS models can reduce material throughput, extend product lifetimes, and create incentives for companies to design durable, maintainable products that remain in service longer.

    “These models can reduce material throughput, extend product lifetimes, and create incentives for companies to design durable, maintainable products that remain in service longer.”

    From Designing for Repair and Extended Lifespan: Consumer Expectations and Economic Constraints (2026) · cites this paper as [31]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

No citation lists for this paper

No citation lists for this paper yet — checked again daily.

References 56 · Cited by 9

Research works printed but not linked: 57

  1. Colglazier, W. Sustainable development agenda: 2030. Science 2015, 349, 1048-1050. [CrossRef] · DOI
  2. Sala, S.; Castellani, V. The consumer footprint: Monitoring sustainable development goal 12 with process-based life cycle assessment. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 240, 118050. [CrossRef] [PubMed] · DOI
  3. Sanyé-Mengual, E.; Secchi, M.; Corrado, S.; Beylot, A.; Sala, S. Assessing the decoupling of economic growth from environmental impacts in the European Union: A consumption-based approach. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 236, 117535. [CrossRef] [PubMed] · DOI
  4. Nieto, A.T. Crecimiento Económico e industrialización en la agenda 2030: PERSPECTIVAS para méxico. Probl. Del Desarro. 2017, 48, 83-111. [CrossRef] · DOI
  5. Arredondo-Soto, K.C.; Realyvasquez-Vargas, A.; Maldonado-Macías, A.A.; García-Alcaraz, J. Impact of human resources on remanufacturing process, internal complexity, perceived quality of core, numerosity, and key process indicators. Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf. 2019, 59, 168-176. [CrossRef] · DOI
  6. Khor, K.S.; Hazen, B.T. Remanufactured products purchase intentions and behaviour: Evidence from Malaysia. Int. J. Prod. Res. 2017, 55, 2149-2162. [CrossRef] · DOI
  7. Guide, V.D.R. Production planning and control for remanufacturing: Industry practice and research needs. J. Oper. Manag. 2000, 18, 467-483. [CrossRef] · DOI
  8. Zhu, X.; Yu, L. The Impact of Warranty Efficiency of Remanufactured Products on Production Decisions and Green Growth Performance in Closed-Loop Supply Chain: Perspective of Consumer Behavior. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1420. [CrossRef] · DOI
  9. Wang, Y.; Hazen, B.T. Consumer product knowledge and intention to purchase remanufactured products. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 2016, 181, 460-469. [CrossRef] · DOI
  10. Wang, Y.; Wiegerinck, V.; Krikke, H.R.; Zhang, H. Understanding the purchase intention towards remanufactured product in closed-loop supply chains: An empirical study in China. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag. 2013, 43, 866-888. [CrossRef] · DOI
  11. Singhal, D.; Tripathy, S.; Jena, S.K. Acceptance of remanufactured products in the circular economy: An empirical study in India. Manag. Decis. 2019, 57, 953-970. [CrossRef] · DOI
  12. Matsumoto, M.; Chinen, K.; Endo, H. Remanufactured auto parts market in Japan: Historical review and factors affecting green purchasing behavior. J. Clean. Prod. 2018, 172, 4494-4505. [CrossRef] · DOI
  13. Matsumoto, M.; Chinen, K.; Endo, H. Paving the way for sustainable remanufacturing in Southeast Asia: An analysis of auto parts markets. J. Clean. Prod. 2018, 205, 1029-1041. [CrossRef] · DOI
  14. Hazen, B.T.; Boone, C.A.; Wang, Y.; Khor, K.S. Perceived quality of remanufactured products: Construct and measure development. J. Clean. Prod. 2017, 142 Pt 2, 716-726. [CrossRef] · DOI
  15. Sabbaghi, M.; Behdad, S.; Zhuang, J. Managing consumer behavior toward on-time return of the waste electrical and electronic equipment: A game theoretic approach. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 2016, 182, 545-563. [CrossRef] · DOI
  16. Hazen, B.T.; Mollenkopf, D.A.; Wang, Y. Remanufacturing for the Circular Economy: An Examination of Consumer Switching Behavior. Bus. Strategy Environ. 2017, 26, 451-464. [CrossRef] · DOI
  17. van Weelden, E.; Mugge, R.; Bakker, C. Paving the way towards circular consumption: Exploring consumer acceptance of refurbished mobile phones in the Dutch market. J. Clean. Prod. 2016, 113, 743-754. [CrossRef] · DOI
  18. Kapetanopoulou, P.; Tagaras, G. An empirical investigation of value-added product recovery activities in SMEs using multiple case studies of OEMs and independent remanufacturers. Flex. Serv. Manuf. J. 2009, 3-4, 92-113. [CrossRef] · DOI
  19. Arredondo-Soto, K.C.; Reyes-Martínez, R.M.; Sánchez-Leal, J.; De la Riva Rodríguez, J. Methodology to apply design for re- manufacturing in product development. In Handbook of Research on Ergonomics and Product Design; IGI Global: Hershey, PA, USA, 2018; pp. 347-363.
  20. Esquer, J.; Arvayo, J.A.; Alvarez-Chavez, C.R.; Munguia-Vega, N.E.; Velazquez, L. Cleaner production in a remanufacturing process of air compressors. Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon. 2017, 23, 83-91. [CrossRef] · DOI
  21. Cordova-Pizarro, D.; Aguilar-Barajas, I.; Romero, D.; Rodriguez, C.A. Circular Economy in the Electronic Products Sector: Material Flow Analysis and Economic Impact of Cellphone E-Waste in Mexico. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1361. [CrossRef] · DOI
  22. Maussang, N.; Zwolinski, P.; Brissaud, D. Product-service system design methodology: From the PSS architecture design to the products specifications. J. Eng. Des. 2009, 20, 349-366. [CrossRef] · DOI
  23. Kock, N. Advanced Mediating Effects Tests, Multi-Group Analyses, and Measurement Model Assessments in PLS-Based SEM. IJEC 2014, 10, 1-13. [CrossRef] · DOI
  24. Schumacker, R.E.; Lomax, R.G. A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling; Psychology Press: New York, NY, USA, 2004.
  25. Jiménez-Parra, B.; Rubio, S.; Vicente-Molina, M.-A. Key drivers in the behavior of potential consumers of remanufactured products: A study on laptops in Spain. J. Clean. Prod. 2014, 85, 488-496. [CrossRef] · DOI
  26. Bensmain, Y.; Dahane, M.; Bennekrouf, M.; Sari, Z. Preventive remanufacturing planning of production equipment under operational and imperfect maintenance constraints: A hybrid genetic algorithm based approach. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 2019, 185, 546-566. [CrossRef] · DOI
  27. Govindan, K.; Jiménez-Parra, B.; Rubio, S.; Vicente-Molina, M.-A. Marketing issues for remanufactured products. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 227, 890-899. [CrossRef] · DOI
  28. Choi, T.-M. Pricing and branding for remanufactured fashion products. J. Clean. Prod. 2017, 165, 1385-1394. [CrossRef] · DOI
  29. Liao, B.; Li, B.; Cheng, J. A warranty model for remanufactured products. J. Ind. Prod. Eng. 2015, 32, 551-558. [CrossRef] · DOI
  30. Sinha, P.; Muthu, S.S.; Dissanayake, G. Systems Requirements for Remanufactured Fashion as an Industry. In Remanufac- tured Fashion; Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes; Springer: Singapore, 2016; pp. 45-71, ISBN 978-981-10-0295-3.
  31. Pandey, V.; Thurston, D. Effective Age of Remanufactured Products: An Entropy Approach. J. Mech. Des. 2009, 131, 031008. [CrossRef] · DOI
  32. Ferrer, G.; Swaminathan, J.M. Managing new and differentiated remanufactured products. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 2010, 203, 370-379. [CrossRef] · DOI
  33. Inderfurth, K.; Mukherjee, K. Decision support for spare parts acquisition in post product life cycle. Cent. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 2008, 16, 17-42. [CrossRef] · DOI
  34. Frota Neto, J.Q.; Bloemhof, J.; Corbett, C. Market prices of remanufactured, used and new items: Evidence from eBay. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 2016, 171, 371-380. [CrossRef] · DOI
  35. Abbey, J.D.; Blackburn, J.D.; Guide, V.D.R. Optimal pricing for new and remanufactured products. J. Oper. Manag. 2015, 36, 130-146. [CrossRef] · DOI
  36. Alqahtani, A.Y.; Gupta, S.M. Warranty and Preventive Maintenance for Remanufactured Products: Modeling and Analysis; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2018; ISBN 978-1-351-59920-7.
  37. Aljuneidi, T.; Bulgak, A.A. Carbon footprint for designing reverse logistics network with hybrid manufacturing-remanufacturing systems. J. Remanufactur. 2020, 10, 107-126. [CrossRef] · DOI
  38. Sarigöllü, E.; Hou, C.; Ertz, M. Sustainable product disposal: Consumer redistributing behaviors versus hoarding and throwing away. Bus Strat. Env. 2021, 30, 340-356. [CrossRef] · DOI
  39. Sundin, E.; Lee, H.M. In what way is remanufacturing good for the environment? In Design for Innovative Value Towards a Sustainable Society; Matsumoto, M., Umeda, Y., Masui, K., Fukushige, S., Eds.; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2012; pp. 552-557, ISBN 978-94-007-3010-6.
  40. Ardente, F.; Talens Peiró, L.; Mathieux, F.; Polverini, D. Accounting for the environmental benefits of remanufactured products: Method and application. J. Clean. Prod. 2018, 198, 1545-1558. [CrossRef] · DOI
  41. Georgiadis, P.; Vlachos, D. The effect of environmental parameters on product recovery. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 2004, 157, 449-464. [CrossRef] · DOI
  42. Testa, F.; Iraldo, F.; Vaccari, A.; Ferrari, E. Why Eco-labels can be Effective Marketing Tools: Evidence from a Study on Italian Consumers: Why Eco-Labels can be Effective Marketing Tools. Bus. Strat. Environ. 2015, 24, 252-265. [CrossRef] · DOI
  43. Salimi, A.R. Effects of environmental concerns and green knowledge on green product consumptions with an emphasis on mediating role of perceived behavioral control, perceived value, attitude and subjective norm. Int. Trans. J. Eng. 2019, 10, 651661. [CrossRef] · DOI
  44. Xu, Q.; Shao, Z.; He, Y. Optimal delivery strategies for packing box recycling in online platforms. J. Clean. Prod. 2020, 276, 124273. [CrossRef] · DOI
  45. Gaur, J.; Amini, M.; Banerjee, P.; Gupta, R. Drivers of consumer purchase intentions for remanufactured products: A study of Indian consumers relocated to the USA. Qual. Mark. Res. Int. J. 2015, 18, 30-47. [CrossRef] · DOI
  46. Liu, Y.; Cheng, Y.; Chen, H.; Guo, S.; Lu, Y. Selling Remanufactured Products under One Roof or Two? A Sustainability Analysis on Channel Structures for New and Remanufactured Products. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2427. [CrossRef] · DOI
  47. Singhal, D.; Jena, S.K.; Tripathy, S. Factors influencing the purchase intention of consumers towards remanufactured products: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Prod. Res. 2019, 57, 7289-7299. [CrossRef] · DOI
  48. Van Nguyen, T.; Zhou, L.; Chong, A.Y.L.; Li, B.; Pu, X. Predicting customer demand for remanufactured products: A data-mining approach. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 2020, 281, 543-558. [CrossRef] · DOI
  49. Kock, N. Factor-based structural equation modeling with WarpPLS. Australas. Mark. J. AMJ 2019, 27, 57-63. [CrossRef] · DOI
  50. Shrafat, F.D.; Ismail, M. Structural equation modeling of lean manufacturing practices in a developing country context. J. Manuf. Technol. Manag. 2018, 30, 122-145. [CrossRef] · DOI
  51. Factors Affecting the Adoption of e-Learning Technologies among Higher Education Students in Nigeria: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach-M Nasiru Yakubu, Salihu Ibrahim Dasuki. 2019. Available online: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/ abs/10.1177/0266666918765907 (accessed on 24 November 2021). · DOI
  52. Khwaja, M.G.; Mahmood, S.; Zaman, U. Examining the Effects of eWOM, Trust Inclination, and Information Adoption on Purchase Intentions in an Accelerated Digital Marketing Context. Information 2020, 11, 478. [CrossRef] · DOI
  53. del Valls Martínez, M.C.; Martín-Cervantes, P.A.; Sánchez Pérez, A.M.; del Martínez Victoria, M.C. Learning Mathematics of Financial Operations during the COVID-19 Era: An Assessment with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. Mathematics 2021, 9, 2120. [CrossRef] · DOI
  54. Osterwalder, A.; Pigneur, Y. Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2010; ISBN 978-0-470-87641-1.
  55. Tukker, A. Eight types of product-service system: Eight ways to sustainability? Experiences from SusProNet. Bus. Strategy Environ. 2004, 13, 246-260. [CrossRef] · DOI · Paper page
  56. Zhang, X.; Li, Q.; Liu, Z.; Chang, C.-T. Optimal pricing and remanufacturing mode in a closed-loop supply chain of WEEE under government fund policy. Comput. Ind. Eng. 2021, 151, 106951. [CrossRef] · DOI
  57. Milios, L.; Matsumoto, M. Consumer Perception of Remanufactured Automotive Parts and Policy Implications for Transitioning to a Circular Economy in Sweden. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6264. [CrossRef] · DOI

Authors
Arredondo-Soto, K. C., Jiménez-Zaragoza, A., Miranda-Ackerman, M. A., Blanco-Fernández, J., García-Lechuga, A., Hernández-Escobedo, G., & García-Alcaraz, J. L.
Affiliations
  • Universidad de La Rioja (ES)
  • Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (MX)
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of La Rioja, San José de Calasanz 31, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
  • Chemical Sciences and Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad #14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico
  • Tecnológico Nacional de México (MX)
  • Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Del Charro Ave., 450 N., Ciudad Juarez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
ORCID
Venue
Sustainability
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-07-13
Volume
14
Issue
14
Pages
8560
ISSN
2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/su14148560
OpenAlex
W4285392782
Cited by
9
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1
FWCI
0.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • RIUR (Universidad de La Rioja) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Breda University of Applied Sciences Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) (985214)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Sustainable Supply Chain Management
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Sustainable Design and Development
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Environmental Sustainability in Business
Keywords
remanufacturing, product-service systems, value preservation, consumer perception, remanufactured products, repair strategies, design strategies, white goods, circular economy, business models

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review