Biofuels Induced Land Use Change Emissions: The Role of Implemented Land Use Emission Factors
Open accessAbstract
Biofuels’ induced land-use change (ILUC) emissions have been widely studied over the past 15 years. Many studies have addressed uncertainties associated with these estimates. These studies have broadly examined uncertainties associated with the choice of economic models, their assumptions and parameters, and a few bio-physical variables. However, uncertainties in land-use emission factors that represent the soil and vegetation carbon contents of various land types across the world and are used to estimate carbon fluxes due to land conversions are mostly overlooked. This paper calls attention to this important omission. It highlights some important sources of uncertainty in land-use emissions factors, explores the range in these factors from established data sources, and compares the influence of their variability on ILUC emissions for several sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) pathways. The estimated land-use changes for each pathway are taken from a well-known computable general equilibrium model, GTAP-BIO. Two well-known carbon calculator models (CCLUB and AEZ-EF) that represent two different sets of emissions factors are used to convert the GTAP-BIO estimated land-use changes to ILUC emissions. The results show that the calculated ILUC emissions obtained from these carbon calculators for each examined SAF pathway are largely different, even for the same amortization time horizon. For example, the ILUC emissions values obtained from the AEZ-EF and CCLUB models for producing jet fuel from corn ethanol for a 25-year amortization period are 24.9 gCO2e/MJ and 15.96 gCO2e/MJ, respectively. This represents a 60% difference between the results of these two carbon calculators for the same set of land-use changes. The results show larger differences for other pathways as well.
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Current EU approaches for calculating GHG emission savings are often criticized for potentially overestimating savings, particularly due to inadequate handling of ILUC emissions for crop-based biofuels and use of default emission factors that may not accurately reflect the GHG footprint associated with feedstock geographical origin and specific supply chain logistics.
“Current EU approaches are often criticized for potentially overestimating savings, particularly due to the inadequate handling of ILUC emissions for crop-based biofuels and the use of default emission factors that may not accurately reflect the GHG footprint associated with feedstock geographical origin and specific supply chain logistics [104,266,267].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [266]
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- Authors
- Taheripour, F., Mueller, S., Emery, I., Karami, O., Sajedinia, E., Zhuang, Q., & Wang, M.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- WSP USA, Inc., Seattle, WA 98154, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Taheripour, Farzad
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-03-26
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2729
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4393181176
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Federal Aviation Administration (13-C-AJFEPU)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development
- Keywords
- biofuels, sustainable aviation fuel, corn ethanol, carbon accounting, uncertainty
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